Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSY2013- Biological Psychology with Research Methods 2 > 4- Non-Declarative/Procedural Learning > Flashcards

4- Non-Declarative/Procedural Learning Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of non-associative learning?

A

Habituation and sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a basic definition of habituation?

A

Becoming less sensitive to a particular stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the proper definition of habituation?

A

A decrease in strength/occurrence of a behaviour due to repeated exposure of a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a basic definition of sensitisation?

A

Repetitive exposure makes us increasingly sensitive to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the proper definition of sensitisation?

A

Increase in strength/occurrence of a behaviour due to exposure to an arousing/unpleasant situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms in habituation?

A

Adaptation- change in sensitivity of sensory receptor
Change of motor response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is do we need an objective understanding of habituation?

A

It is difficult to distinguish based on JUST behaviour, as this is subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What level do we need to observe habituation at?

A

Neuronal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why is there a moral dilemma about animal research in learning?

A

Animals most similar to humans in terms of biology also have the most ethical implications associated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is studied to understand habituation?

A

The Aplysia Californica

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What was used to study the Aplysia Californica?

A

Few but giant neurons that could be isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

Stimulation of siphon leads to protective reflex to withdraw the gill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many neurons are involved in the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How was the gill withdrawal reflex studied?

A

Measured neuronal activity while repeatedly eliciting the reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where was habituation occurring from studying the gill withdrawal reflex?

A

At the synapse between sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened to neurotransmitter release when studying the gill withdrawal reflex? (habituation)

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did studying the gill withdrawal reflex demonstrate habituation?

A

Reflex response wasn’t different no matter how many times stimulation was repeated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How was sensitisation demonstrated experimentally?

A

Shocking the head to elicit the reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What 3 neurons are involved in sensitisation?

A

LE- sensory neuron from siphon
L7- motor neuron from gill
L29- sensory neuron from head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was found from shocking the head to elicit the reflex?

A

Increased sensitisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How do different neurons interact in sensitisation?

A

Sensory neuron dictates what happens at the motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the gill withdrawal reflex different from the sensory experience of being shocked? (sensitisation)

A

Lasts longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What elicits the sensitisation mechanism?

A

An action potential arrives at terminal buttons of L29

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does L29 do when an action potential arrives at the terminal buttons? (sensitisation)

A

Releases serotonin

25
Where does the serotonin releases by L29 go? (sensitisation)
Binds to receptors at terminal buttons of LE
26
Why is the sensitisation reflex elongated?
It takes longer to process in order to activate G proteins
27
What does serotonin binding allow cAMP molecular cascade to transform to? (sensitisation)
Protein kinase A
28
Why does the reflex continue due to exposure to sodium increase? (sensitisation)
We will be feeling the effects for longer
29
What does protein kinase A do? (sensitisation)
Blocks K+ channels at terminal buttons of LE
30
Why are we experiencing this stimulus for longer? (sensitisation)
Potassium is being blocked
31
What is caused by blocking of K+ channels? (sensitisation)
Prolonged action potentials at terminal buttons of LE
32
What is caused by a longer action potential? (sensitisation)
Stronger influx of Ca2+
33
What is caused by more calcium? (sensitisation)
More neurotransmitter release into synaptic cleft between sensory and motor neurons
34
How is a stronger motor response caused? (sensitisation)
More postsynaptic action potentials caused by more neurotransmitter
35
How is classical conditioning defined?
Association of an event causing measurable response to another stimulus
36
How is classical conditioning contrasting to sensitisation?
States that any stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus
37
How should the CS and US be paired in classical conditioning?
CS must co-occur or shortly precede US during pairing
38
What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning?
Unconditional reflex: US --> UR, CS --> X Pairing: CS + US --> UR Conditional reflex: CS --> CR
39
What is an example of classical conditioning in sensitisation?
(US) tail shock --> (UR) gill withdrawal
40
Why does subthreshold siphon stimulation allow for sensitisation but not habituation?
It is not allowing another action potential to be generated
41
When is there a higher amount of withdrawal time? (classical conditioning- sensitisation)
When CS and US are paired
42
When is the UR stronger?
In sensitisation
43
How does the biological mechanism of classical conditioning begin?
With an action potential from LE and serotonin from L29 in short succession
44
Why does calcium increase? (classical conditioning)
Due to the action potential causing increased cAMP synthesis
45
What is caused by cAMP synthesis? (classical conditioning)
Much more protein kinase A
46
What does more protein kinase A cause? (classical conditioning)
Much more K+ channels blocked
47
Why is a much stronger motor response produced? (classical conditioning)
Due to much more postsynaptic action potentials
48
When does habituation occur?
After repetition of a stimulus
49
How is habituation characterised?
Specific to the stimulus and the response
50
What does habituation result in?
A decreased motor neuron response
51
What duration can habituation occur for?
Can be long-lasting
52
When does sensitisation occur?
Only after an unpleasant stimulus and after a single stimulus
53
What characterises sensitisation?
General to a variety of stimuli and responses
54
What does sensitisation result in?
Increased motor neuron response
55
What is the duration typically of sensitisation?
Short-lived
56
When does classical conditioning occur?
After repeated pairing of stimuli
57
Is classical conditioning general or specific to stimuli and response?
Specific
58
What does classical conditioning result in?
A stronger increased response of the motor neuron
59
What duration can classical conditioning be?
Long-lasting

PSY2013- Biological Psychology with Research Methods 2 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions