4- White blood cells Flashcards
When does ‘-penia’ mean
Low counts
What does ‘-philia’ and ‘-cytosis’ mean
High counts
3 steps for WBC to leave blood vessels
Marginalisation
Adhesion
Migration
Only half the amount of neutrophils can be sampled in a blood sample due to…
The rest are stuck to the wall of the vessels to move out
List 2 factors that cause neutrophilia
Inflammation - infections, necrosis
Steroids (glucocorticoids) - stress, hyepradrenocroticism
Physiological - flight or fight
Chronic neutrophil leukaemia
Describe what is meant by left shift of neutrophils
Seeing more immature neutrophils
Describe what is meant by right shift of neutrophils
Seeing more mature neutrophils - cells held in circulation longer than they should be
What is the main cause of right shift of neutrophils
Steriods
What is neutrophil toxic change?
rapid production of neutrophils - shorten maturation
usually caused by severe bacterial infection
How can you identify toxic neutrophils?
Foamy cytoplasm
diffuse cytoplasmic basophilia
Dohle bodies
Asynchronous nuclear maturation (finely granular nuclear chromatin in segments)
T/F seeing neutrophil toxic change is a good prognosis
False- poor prognosis
List 2 causes of neutropenia (decreased production)
Inflammation
Infections - parvovirus, FeLv
Chemotherapy
Chloramphenicol toxicity
Neoplasia
Marrow necrosis
T/F Dogs have relatively high bone marrow reserves of neutrophils & rapidly make neutrophils
True
Do horses/cows have good neutrophil bone marrow reserves? & What does this mean?
No - slow at making them aswell
Normally have low count - neutropenia
What is the major cause of lymphopenia?
Stress/steroids
