4.0 - Ancient Greece

Question 1

4.1 - Geography

Geography of Greece

Answer 1

Located on Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsulas.
Surrounded by Mediterranean & Aegean Sea.
Access to Black Sea through Dardanelles.
Close proximity to Asia Minor, Macedon, and Italy

Question 2

4.1 - Impacts of Geography

Geography of Greece

Answer 2

Limited arable land - led to colonization.
-Helped spread hellenic (Greek) culture & commerce.
-Shift from barter to money economy.
-Adopted Phoenician Alphabet.
Mountainous terrain - isolated and independent city-states.
-Polis = City-states.
-No united Greek empire.
-Small size promoted civic & commercial life.
-Overpopulation / search for arable land led to colonization.

Question 3

4.2 - Religion

Greek Mythology

Answer 3

Greeks were polytheistic.

 - Used to explain natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.
 - Influenced Greek literature, art, architecture, and politics.

Question 4

4.2 - Mythology

Greek Mythology

Answer 4

Zeus - Father of the Gods, God of Sky and Thunder
Hera - Goddess of Marriage.
Apollo - God of the Sun and Light.
Artemis - Goddess of the Hunt and Wild.
Athena - Patron goddess of Athens, Goddess of Wisdom
and War.
Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty.

Question 5

4.2 - Stories

Greek Mythology

Answer 5

Legend of the Minotaur
     -Explained Athens rise to power.
Trojan War
     -Depicted in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey.
Story of Hades, Persephone, and Demeter
     -Explains the different seasons.

Question 6

4.3 - Monarchy

Types Of Governments

Answer 6

Monarchy = rule by a king or emperor (monarch)

 - Usually hereditary
 - Modern examples: England, Japan, Jordan, Saudi Arabia

Question 7

4.3 - Oligarchy

Types Of Governments

Answer 7

Oligarchy = rule by a small group (oligarchs)

 - Aristocracy = rule by a group of rich people (aristocrats)
 - Modern examples: Soviet Union, China

Question 8

4.3 - Tyranny

Types Of Governments

Answer 8

Tyranny = rule by one person with absolute power (tyrant)

 - Usually takes power by force
 - Modern examples: Cuba, North Korea, Hitler, Stalin

Question 9

4.3 - Democracy

Types Of Governments

Answer 9

Democracy = rule by the people

 - Citizens given power to vote
 - Modern examples: United States, France, Switzerland, Germany

Question 10

4.4 - Location

Athens

Answer 10

Located on Balkan Peninsula

-Economy based on trade = very RICH

Question 11

4.4 - Government

Athens

Answer 11

Evolution of government = Monarchy, Aristocracy, Tyranny, then Democracy
-M-A-T-D
-Draco and Solon = tyrants who worked for reform
Birthplace of democracy
-Direct democracy – all citizens have equal vote on issues
-Citizens = free adult Athenian men
Pericles led Athens during the Golden Age
-Expanded democracy

Question 12

4.4 - Culture

Athens

Answer 12

Center of culture = education, art, architecture

 - Parthenon = temple dedicated to Athena
 - Golden Age = years following Persian Wars

Question 13

4.5 - Location

Sparta

Answer 13

Located on Peloponnesus Peninsula

 - Conquered nearby city-states to expand
 - Prisoners of war = slaves = helots

Question 14

4.5 - Government

Sparta

Answer 14

Government = Oligarchy

 - Ruled by 2 hereditary kings and Council of 30 Elders
 - Citizens = Spartan men who served in military

Question 15

4.5 - Culture

Sparta

Answer 15

Economy = agriculture (work done by helots)
Main focus = military and war
No interest in art, music, literature

Spartan women had more freedom than other Greeks

Question 16

4.6 - Phidias

Greek Contributions

Answer 16

Greek sculptor

Known for Parthenon, Athena and Zeus statues

Question 17

4.6 - Columns

Greek Contributions

Answer 17

Doric = Dull/Plain
Ionic = Locks like eyes
Corinthian = Curly

Question 18

4.6 - Parthenon

Greek Contributions

Answer 18

Parthenon = Temple in Athens dedicated to Athena

Question 19

4.6 - Aeschylus

Greek Contributions

Answer 19

Greek playwright

“Father of Greek Tragedy”

Question 20

4.6 - Homer

Greek Contributions

Answer 20

Greek poet

Two epic poems about Trojan War: Iliad and Odyssey

Question 21

4.6 - Herodotus

Greek Contributions

Answer 21

Greek historian
Wrote about Persian Wars
“Father of History”

Question 22

4.6 - Socrates

Greek Contributions

Answer 22

First Greek philosopher
Emphasized importance of questioning everything
Said “Know thyself”

Question 23

4.6 - Plato

Greek Contributions

Answer 23

Student of Socrates
Wrote The Republic about an ideal society
Opened the Academy (a school)

Question 24

4.6 - Aristotle

Greek Contributions

Answer 24

Student of Plato
Tutor of Alexander the Great
Wrote many books on sciences and logic

Question 25

4.6 - Euclid | Greek Contributions

Answer 25

Greek mathematician | “Father of Geometry”

Question 26

4.6 - Pythagoras | Greek Contributions

Answer 26

Greek mathematician | Pythagorean Theorem

Question 27

4.6 - Hippocrates | Greek Contributions

Answer 27

Greek doctor | “Father of Medicine”

Question 28

4.7 - Causes: Ionian Revolt (493 BC) Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE) (Greeks at War)

Answer 28

Greek colonies rebel against Persians with Athenian help. Persians invade Greece: (492 BC) -Wanted control of Aegean and Mediterranean. Greek city-states Athens and Sparta unite to defeat Persians

Question 29

4.7 - Major Battles Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE) (Greeks at War)

Answer 29

490 BC: Battle of Marathon = Athenian victory 480 BC: Battle of Thermopylae = Spartan loss 480 BC: Battle of Salamis = Athenian naval victory

Question 30

4.7 - Effects: Delian League Persian Wars( 499 - 449 BCE) (Greeks at War)

Answer 30

Greek victory: preserved independence Athens: dominant city-state (Golden Age) Delian League = protection in exchange for money (Formed in 478 BC)

Question 31

4.7 - Causes: Greeks Resented Athens Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) (Greeks at War)

Answer 31

They turned to Spartans for help. Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League (450 BC) Athens and Sparta competing for control of Greek world War begins 431 BC

Question 32

4.7 - Effects: Athenian Loss Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE) (Greeks at War)

Answer 32

Victory for Peloponnesian League and Sparta Loss for Athens (decline of culture and democracy) All of Greece is left weak and vulnerable to invasion.

Question 33

4.8 - Macedon | Alexander the Great

Answer 33

Located north of Greece | King Philip conquered Greece after Peloponnesian War

Question 34

4.8 - Alexander the Great | Alexander the Great

Answer 34

Became king after death of Philip Conquered empire stretching from Greece to Egypt to Indus River Spread Greek culture throughout empire

Question 35

4.8 - Hellenic Culture | Alexander the Great

Answer 35

= Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures | -Spread by trade