4.1 Biomechanical Movement

Question 1

Define linear motion?

Answer 1

Linear motion is motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts at the same speed in the same direction.

Question 2

What are the two measurements of linear motion?

Answer 2

Scalar quantities (only has magnitude) - speed, mass, distance.
Vector quantities (has both magnitude and direction) - displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, weight.

Question 3

Define distance

Answer 3

The path a body takes as it moves from the starting to the finishing position.

Question 4

Define displacement

Answer 4

Shortest route in a straight line between start and finish position.

Question 5

What is the formula for speed?

Answer 5

Speed (ms) = Distance (m) / Time (s)

Question 6

What is the formula for velocity?

Answer 6

Velocity = Displacement (m) / Time (s)

Question 7

What is acceleration?

Answer 7

The rate of change of velocity. Increased velocity = positive acceleration. Decreased velocity = negative acceleration.

Question 8

What is the formula for acceleration?

Answer 8

Avg acceleration (m/s/s) = Change in velocity / Time

Question 9

What is momentum?

Answer 9

Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of an object.

Question 10

What is the formula for momentum?

Answer 10

Momentum (kgm/s) = Mass (kg) X Velocity (m/s)

Question 11

How can momentum be conserved?

Answer 11

This occurs when a performer or object is in flight.

Question 12

What are the 2 types of force:

Answer 12

1.) Internal force: Generated by the skeletal muscle.
2.) External force: Comes from outside the body.

Question 13

External forces can be categorised as:

Answer 13

-Vertical forces
-Horizontal forces

Question 14

What are the types of vertical forces?

Answer 14

-Gravity/Weight
-Reaction

Question 15

What are the type of horizontal forces?

Answer 15

-Friction
-Air resistance

Question 16

Define static

Answer 16

Force exerted when there is no motion between 2 surfaces.

Question 17

Define sliding

Answer 17

When 2 bodies in contact have a tendency to slip/slide over.

Question 18

What 3 factors affect friction?

Answer 18

1.) The roughness of the surface
2.) The mass of an object
3.) Temperature of the 2 surfaces

Question 19

Define air resistance?

Answer 19

A force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through the air.

Question 20

What 3 things affect air resistance?

Answer 20

1.) The velocity of the moving body.
2.) The frontal cross-sectional area of the moving body
3.) The shape and surface characteristics of the moving body.

Question 21

What is a net force?

Answer 21

This is the resultant force acting on a body when all other forces have been considered.

Question 22

What is an impulse?

Answer 22

The time taken for a force to be applied.

Question 23

What is the formula for impulse?

Answer 23

Impulse = Force X Time (KG/s)

Question 24

How can impulse increase speed?

Answer 24

1.) Increase the amount of internal muscular force applied.

2.) Increase the amount of time in which the force is applied.

Question 25

How can impulse decrease speed?

Answer 25

1.) Increase the time that a force acts on the body/object.