4B.1 - Population structure varies from place to place and over time Flashcards
What is a place: Geographical space?
defined on a map, physically in space
What is a place: place?
when we as humans attach meaning to space, places change over time, depends on how humans perceive them and relate to them
What is a place: diverse places?
how places vary between each other in space and time
What is the rural-urban continuum?
the unbroken transition from sparsely populated or unpopulated, remote rural places to densely populated intensively used urban places like town/city centres. Places at different points in this continuum are visually different but also show significant differences in the character of their populations
UK population in the last 50 years
It has grown unevenly in the past 50 years, with some regions growing rapidly (London and South-East) whilst others have grown more slowly (the north-east of England)
Describe and explain the population density of the UK
the majority of the UK’s population is concentrated in the south-east of England, around London, Liverpool, Cardiff, Glasgow and Birmingham especially
How has the UK population changed varies by region?
Not many places have had an extreme population growth of over 30% with East Cambridgeshire growing by 25%, Milton Keynes growing by 30%, Camden grew by 30% and the Tower Hamlets by 33%
Most of the decreased population areas in the North of the UK and the South of Wales
How has the population of the UK changed over time?
During the late 20th century any population growth was in the south of england, with part of the north decreasing.
This is a result of two things:
- the rising economic prosperity of London
- the decline of the manufacturing industry (coal, oil)
How does population vary across the rural-urban continuum?
Rural-urban fringe is the name given to the land at the edge of an urban area, where there is often a huge mixture of land uses
- older generations tend to gravitate more towards the rural areas
- urban sprawl may result in growing cities
- education levels may be higher in cities
- younger population in cities
- people can commute into city areas so can live on the rural-urban fringe
- richer people can potentially afford to live in more expensive rural areas
What is the land use split of England?
- 9% farmland
- 5% natural
- 8% is built on
- 8% green urban
What is fertility?
the number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 in a year
also defined as the average number of children each woman in a population will bear. If this number is 2.1 or more, a population will replace itself
What is mortality?
the number of deaths per 1,000 people a year
What are three strengths of the demographic transition model?
- it is based upon the UK and we can relate this directly to our country
- It’s simple to understand, dynamic and changes over time, so can be adjusted for future changes
- NEEs have followed a similar pattern, BUT have progressed through the model at a faster rate than the British Isles
- Countries in lower stages can use the information to predict their future
What are three limitations of the demographic transition model?
- Generalises all countries
- Based on Eurocentric view of developments so some countries might not fit the model
- Doesn’t take immigration into account
- Doesn’t explain reasons behind the model
International Migration: Portugal - What is the issue?
More people are emigrating out of the country than immigrating into it
2011-2014: more people left than entered for the first time in 2 centuries
Emigration increased from 20,000 (2000) to approx 110,000 (2013)
The urban fringe cliff is the result of three main factors
- dwelling and residential densities have raised since the end of WW2 by planning controls - densities have been higher than those that prevailed in the interwar period
- the location of large estates of social housing on the urban fringe
- the rural fringe of urban areas has been firmed up and controlled by the creation of green belts, designed to stop urban growth spilling over into the countryside
