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ANP402 > 5 LE Leg + Ankle > Flashcards

5 LE Leg + Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

deep fascia of leg

A

“crural fascia”

continuous w/ periosteum of anterior/medial tibia

  • absent over anteromedial aspect of tibia [shins]
  • serves as muscle attachment
  • very strong on anterior leg
  • thickened distally as retinacular
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2
Q

extensor retinacula

A

prevent bow-stringing of tendons during dorsiflexion (extension)

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3
Q

types of extensor retinacula

A

superior extensor retinacular

inferior extensor retinacular

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4
Q

superior extensor retinacula

A

FIBULA to TIBIA

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5
Q

inferior extensor retinacula

A

“Y” shaped

(1) calcaneus to medial malleolus
(2) calcaneus to navicular/cuneiform

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6
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

spans from calcaneus to medial malleolus

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7
Q

contents of the flexor retinaculum

A

tendons of Tom Dick Harry

(1) Tibialis
(2) flexor digitorum longus
(3) flexor hallucis longus

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8
Q

flexor retinaculum vessels

A

posterior tibial artery

posterior tibial vein

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9
Q

flexor retinaculum nerve

A

tibial nerve

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10
Q

fibular (peroneal) retinacula [2]

A

guide tendons of fibularis longus + fibularis brevis around lateral aspect of ankle
- acts as tap, holds down tendons

(1) superior fibular retinacula
(2) inferior fibular retinacular

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11
Q

peroneus (peroneal)

A

old name for fibular/fibularis

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12
Q

anterior crural muscles (4)

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertis

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13
Q

GENERAL A/N anterior crural muscles

A

A: dorsiflex foot (extend toes)
N: deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

tibialis anterior

A

anterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle tibia + IOM
I: medial cuneiform + base MT #1
A: dorsiflexion + INVERT foot
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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15
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

anterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle tibia + medial fibula + IOM
I: dorsal surface of middle/distal phalanges #2 – 5
A: dorsiflexion foot + EXTEND toes
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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16
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

anterior crural muscle

O: anterior fibula + IOM
I: distal phalanx of hallux
A: dorsiflexion foot + EXTEND hallux
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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17
Q

fibularis tertis

A

anterior crural muscle

O: anterior fibula + IOM
I: dorsal base MT #5
A: dorsiflexion + EVERT foot
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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18
Q

lateral crural muscles (2)

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

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19
Q

GENERAL A/N lateral crural muscles

A

A: evert foot + plantar flexion of foot
N: superficial fibular nerve

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20
Q

fibularis longus

A

lateral crural muscles

O: superior 2/3 fibula
I: medial cuneiform + base MT #5
A: plantar flexion + EVERT foot
N: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)

21
Q

fibularis brevis

A

lateral crural muscles

O: inferior 2/3 fibula
I: lateral base MT #5
A: plantar flexion + EVERT foot
N: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)

**prevents over inversion

22
Q

superficial posterior crural muscles (3)

A

(triceps surae)
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

23
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral head)

A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle femur
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot + flex leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

24
Q

soleus

A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: posterior tibia/fibula + fibrous arch btwn 2 bones
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

25
Q

plantaris

A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: lateral supracondylar line of femur + oblique popliteal tendon
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot
N: tibial nerve (S1)

26
Q

gastrocnemius (medial head)

A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: popliteal surface of femur
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot + flex leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

27
Q

deep posterior crural muscles (4)

A 
tibialis posterior (Tom)
flexor digitorum longus (Dick)
flexor hallucis longus (Harry)
popliteus
28
Q

GENERAL A/N deep posterior crural muscles

A

A: varied
N: tibial nerve

29
Q

tibialis posterior (Tom)

A

deep posterior crural muscle

O: posterior tibia/fibula + IOM
I: navicular + cuboid + cuneiforms + sustenacular tali of calcaneus + MT #2 – 4
A: plantar flexion + invert foot
N: tibial nerve (L5 + S1)

30
Q

flexor digitorum longus (Dick)

A

deep posterior crural muscle

O: posterior/medial tibia
I: bases of distal phalanges #2 – 5
A: flex phalanges digits #2 – 5 + plantar flexion of foot
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3)

31
Q

flexor digitorum hallucis longus (Harry)

A

deep posterior crural muscle

O: post/inf fibula+ IOM
I: distal phalanx of hallux
A: flex phalanges of hallux + plantar flexion foot
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3)

important use to push off a surface when run/jump

32
Q

popliteus

A

deep posterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle femur
I: superior posterior tibia
A: flex leg @ knee + medially rotate tibia on unplanted limb + rotates femur on fixed tibia
N: tibial nerve (L4 – L5, S1)

unlocks knee (take out of stable state) when moving from a neutral anatomical position to a walking gait

33
Q

locked knee

A

femur inverted 5˚

  • most stable
  • decreases motion
34
Q

shin splints

A

adema + pain

  • (result of) distal 2/3 tibia from repetitive microtrauma to tibialis anterior
  • causes small tears in periosteum
  • caused by over-exertion, not warming up properly (inflammation)
35
Q

plantaris tendon APP

A

(1) used for grafts [hand surgery], no real loss of FCN of leg
(2) ruptures w/ sudden, forceful dorsiflexion
(3) students often mistake plantaris as nerve

[aka] student nerve

36
Q

superior tibiofibular joint

A

(tibiofibular joint) fibular head w/ lateral condyle of tibia

  • plane synovial
  • slight movement w/ dorsiflexion
  • fibrous capsule w/ synovial membrane
  • strengthened by anterior/posterior ligaments of fibular head
37
Q

interosseous membrane

A

(tibiofibular joint) fibers run inferiorly from tibia to fibula
- syndesmoses

38
Q

tibiofibular syndesmosis

A

(tibiofibular joint) compound fibrous joint

  • critical for integrity + stability of ankle
  • slight movement w/ dorsiflexion

interosseous + anterior + posterior tibiofibular ligaments

39
Q

inferior transverse ligament

A

continuation of posterior tibiofibular ligament

  • connects both malleoli
  • forms posterior wall of socket for trochlea of talus
40
Q

(ankle) talocrural joint

A

distal fibula/tibia + trochlea of talus

  • hinge synovial
  • malleloli “grip” talus
41
Q

malleoli + talus

A

prevent side-to-side movement and rotation

- most injuries during plantar flexion [less stable]

42
Q

fibrous capsule

A

thin anteriorly/posteriorly but strong collateral ligaments

43
Q

lateral (tripartite) ligament [3]

A

weaker than medial (deltoid) ligament

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

44
Q

medial (deltoid) ligament

A

stronger than lateral (tripartite) ligament

posterior tibiotalar
anterior tibiotalar
tibiocalcaneal
tibionavicular

45
Q

dorsiflexion

A

via muscles in ANTERIOR compartments

- limited by triceps surae + collateral ligaments

46
Q

plantar flexion

A

via muscles in POSTERIOR compartment

- some “wobble” (inversion/eversion) in this position

47
Q

ankle sprain

A

torn ligament fibers

  • most common joint injury
  • almost always excessive INVERSION injury
48
Q

lateral ligament (inversion) sprains tear the:

A

(1) anterior talofibular ligament

(2) calcanofibular ligament

49
Q

excessive eversion ankle sprain

A

medial (deltoid) ligament = strong

- avulsion of medial malleolus occurs first

ANP402 (19 decks)

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