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ANP402 > 5 LE Leg + Ankle > Flashcards

5 LE Leg + Ankle Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

deep fascia of leg

A

“crural fascia”

continuous w/ periosteum of anterior/medial tibia

  • absent over anteromedial aspect of tibia [shins]
  • serves as muscle attachment
  • very strong on anterior leg
  • thickened distally as retinacular
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2
Q

extensor retinacula

A

prevent bow-stringing of tendons during dorsiflexion (extension)

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3
Q

types of extensor retinacula

A

superior extensor retinacular

inferior extensor retinacular

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4
Q

superior extensor retinacula

A

FIBULA to TIBIA

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5
Q

inferior extensor retinacula

A

“Y” shaped

(1) calcaneus to medial malleolus
(2) calcaneus to navicular/cuneiform

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6
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

spans from calcaneus to medial malleolus

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7
Q

contents of the flexor retinaculum

A

tendons of Tom Dick Harry

(1) Tibialis
(2) flexor digitorum longus
(3) flexor hallucis longus

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8
Q

flexor retinaculum vessels

A

posterior tibial artery

posterior tibial vein

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9
Q

flexor retinaculum nerve

A

tibial nerve

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10
Q

fibular (peroneal) retinacula [2]

A

guide tendons of fibularis longus + fibularis brevis around lateral aspect of ankle
- acts as tap, holds down tendons

(1) superior fibular retinacula
(2) inferior fibular retinacular

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11
Q

peroneus (peroneal)

A

old name for fibular/fibularis

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12
Q

anterior crural muscles (4)

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertis

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13
Q

GENERAL A/N anterior crural muscles

A

A: dorsiflex foot (extend toes)
N: deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

tibialis anterior

A

anterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle tibia + IOM
I: medial cuneiform + base MT #1
A: dorsiflexion + INVERT foot
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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15
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

anterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle tibia + medial fibula + IOM
I: dorsal surface of middle/distal phalanges #2 – 5
A: dorsiflexion foot + EXTEND toes
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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16
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

anterior crural muscle

O: anterior fibula + IOM
I: distal phalanx of hallux
A: dorsiflexion foot + EXTEND hallux
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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17
Q

fibularis tertis

A

anterior crural muscle

O: anterior fibula + IOM
I: dorsal base MT #5
A: dorsiflexion + EVERT foot
N: deep fibular nerve (L4 – L5)

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18
Q

lateral crural muscles (2)

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

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19
Q

GENERAL A/N lateral crural muscles

A

A: evert foot + plantar flexion of foot
N: superficial fibular nerve

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20
Q

fibularis longus

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A

lateral crural muscles

O: superior 2/3 fibula
I: medial cuneiform + base MT #5
A: plantar flexion + EVERT foot
N: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)

21
Q

fibularis brevis

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A

lateral crural muscles

O: inferior 2/3 fibula
I: lateral base MT #5
A: plantar flexion + EVERT foot
N: superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1 – S2)

**prevents over inversion

22
Q

superficial posterior crural muscles (3)

Study These Flashcards
A

(triceps surae)
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

23
Q

gastrocnemius (lateral head)

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A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: lateral condyle femur
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot + flex leg @ knee
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

24
Q

soleus

Study These Flashcards
A

superficial posterior crural muscle

O: posterior tibia/fibula + fibrous arch btwn 2 bones
I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
A: plantar flexion of foot
N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)

25
plantaris
superficial posterior crural muscle O: lateral supracondylar line of femur + oblique popliteal tendon I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon A: plantar flexion of foot N: tibial nerve (S1)
26
gastrocnemius (medial head)
superficial posterior crural muscle O: popliteal surface of femur I: calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon A: plantar flexion of foot + flex leg @ knee N: tibial nerve (S1 – S2)
27
deep posterior crural muscles (4)
``` tibialis posterior (Tom) flexor digitorum longus (Dick) flexor hallucis longus (Harry) popliteus ```
28
GENERAL A/N deep posterior crural muscles
A: varied N: tibial nerve
29
tibialis posterior (Tom)
deep posterior crural muscle O: posterior tibia/fibula + IOM I: navicular + cuboid + cuneiforms + sustenacular tali of calcaneus + MT #2 – 4 A: plantar flexion + invert foot N: tibial nerve (L5 + S1)
30
flexor digitorum longus (Dick)
deep posterior crural muscle O: posterior/medial tibia I: bases of distal phalanges #2 – 5 A: flex phalanges digits #2 – 5 + plantar flexion of foot N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3)
31
flexor digitorum hallucis longus (Harry)
deep posterior crural muscle O: post/inf fibula+ IOM I: distal phalanx of hallux A: flex phalanges of hallux + plantar flexion foot N: tibial nerve (S1 – S3) *important use to push off a surface when run/jump*
32
popliteus
deep posterior crural muscle O: lateral condyle femur I: superior posterior tibia A: flex leg @ knee + medially rotate tibia on unplanted limb + rotates femur on fixed tibia N: tibial nerve (L4 – L5, S1) *unlocks knee (take out of stable state) when moving from a neutral anatomical position to a walking gait*
33
locked knee
femur inverted 5˚ - most stable - decreases motion
34
shin splints
adema + pain - (result of) distal 2/3 tibia from repetitive microtrauma to tibialis anterior - causes small tears in periosteum - caused by over-exertion, not warming up properly (inflammation)
35
plantaris tendon APP
(1) used for grafts [hand surgery], no real loss of FCN of leg (2) ruptures w/ sudden, forceful dorsiflexion (3) students often mistake plantaris as nerve [aka] student nerve
36
superior tibiofibular joint
(tibiofibular joint) fibular head w/ lateral condyle of tibia - plane synovial - slight movement w/ dorsiflexion - fibrous capsule w/ synovial membrane - strengthened by anterior/posterior ligaments of fibular head
37
interosseous membrane
(tibiofibular joint) fibers run inferiorly from tibia to fibula - syndesmoses
38
tibiofibular syndesmosis
(tibiofibular joint) compound fibrous joint - critical for integrity + stability of ankle - slight movement w/ dorsiflexion interosseous + anterior + posterior tibiofibular ligaments
39
inferior transverse ligament
continuation of posterior tibiofibular ligament - connects both malleoli - forms posterior wall of socket for trochlea of talus
40
(ankle) talocrural joint
distal fibula/tibia + trochlea of talus - hinge synovial - malleloli "grip" talus
41
malleoli + talus
prevent side-to-side movement and rotation | - most injuries during plantar flexion [less stable]
42
fibrous capsule
thin anteriorly/posteriorly but strong collateral ligaments
43
lateral (tripartite) ligament [3]
weaker than medial (deltoid) ligament anterior talofibular posterior talofibular calcaneofibular
44
medial (deltoid) ligament
stronger than lateral (tripartite) ligament posterior tibiotalar anterior tibiotalar tibiocalcaneal tibionavicular
45
dorsiflexion
via muscles in ANTERIOR compartments | - limited by triceps surae + collateral ligaments
46
plantar flexion
via muscles in POSTERIOR compartment | - some "wobble" (inversion/eversion) in this position
47
ankle sprain
torn ligament fibers - most common joint injury - almost always excessive INVERSION injury
48
lateral ligament (inversion) sprains tear the:
(1) anterior talofibular ligament | (2) calcanofibular ligament
49
excessive eversion ankle sprain
medial (deltoid) ligament = strong | - avulsion of medial malleolus occurs first

ANP402 (19 decks)

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