Rate of reaction
The change in concentration of a reactant or a product per unit time
Order
The order with respect to a reactant is the power to which the concentration of the reaction in the rate equation
Rate constant (k)
The constant that links the rate of reaction with the concentrations of the reactant raised to the powers of their orders in the rate equation
Overall order
The sun of the individual orders m+ n
Rate of reaction equation
Change in concentration of reactant or product/time
half life
the time taken for the concentration of the reactant to reduce by half
rate-determining step
the slowest step in the reaction mechanism of a multi-step reaction
(dictates how quickly a reaction can proceed)
zero order
rate ∝ [A]⁰
- the rate is unaffected by changing the concentration of A
- concentraion-time graph is a straight line going down
- rate-concentration graph is a straight horizontal line
first order
rate ∝ [B] ¹
- if B doubles, rate doubles
- rate is directly proportional to the concentration
- concentraion-time graph is a downwards curve
- rate-concentration graph is a straight line going downwards
second order
rate ∝ [C] ²
- the change in rate will equal the change in concentration squared
- if [C] x 2 then the rate x 4
- concentraion-time graph is a more intense downwards curve
- rate-concentration graph is an exponential curve going upwards
rate equation formula
rate = k[A] ˣ[B] ʸ[C] ᶻ
how to determine the rate constant using the half life
k = ln 2/t₁/₂