53. Rhesus system. The immune conflict “Mother-Fetus”. Flashcards
Rhesus factor (Rh) is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of RBCs. If your blood has the protein, you are Rh positive. If your blood doesn’t have the protein, you are Rh negative.
Rhesus factor (Rh) is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of RBCs. If your blood has the protein, you are Rh positive. If your blood doesn’t have the protein, you are Rh negative.
The Rh system contains 45 antigens. The Rh gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1.
3 closely connected allele pairs - Cc, Dd and Ee control the Rh system.
The Rh system contains 45 antigens. The Rh gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 1.
3 closely connected allele pairs - Cc, Dd and Ee control the Rh system.
Erythroblastosis fetalis: Mother-fetus incompatibility
- This occurs when the mother is Rh - and the father is Rh +
- maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs
- This risk increases with each pregnancy
- Treatment - transfusions of Rh + blood into the baby with simultaneous draining of the existing blood to flush out Rh+ antibodies
Erythroblastosis fetalis: Mother-fetus incompatibility
- This occurs when the mother is Rh - and the father is Rh +
- maternal antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy fetal RBCs
- This risk increases with each pregnancy
- Treatment - transfusions of Rh + blood into the baby with simultaneous draining of the existing blood to flush out Rh+ antibodies
RhO - GAM serum - agglutinates fetal RBCs as they enter the mother’s blood
RhO - GAM serum - agglutinates fetal RBCs as they enter the mother’s blood
The level of the immune response against the Rh antigen depends on the blood group of the mother and the foetus. If they are compatible by the ABO (H) system, then the “mother-fetus” immunological conflict is stronger.
The level of the immune response against the Rh antigen depends on the blood group of the mother and the foetus. If they are compatible by the ABO (H) system, then the “mother-fetus” immunological conflict is stronger.
During delivery of the child - erythrocytes enter blood circulation of mother. As a result, mother generates anti-Rh antibodies and memory cells against the Rh factor - Memolytic disease - Worse in 2nd pregnancy
During delivery of the child - erythrocytes enter blood circulation of mother. As a result, mother generates anti-Rh antibodies and memory cells against the Rh factor - Memolytic disease - Worse in 2nd pregnancy
Universal donor and recipient:
Universal donor - Group O
Carries A or B antigens
Universal Recipient - group AB, patient has no anti-A or anti-B
Universal donor and recipient:
Universal donor - Group O
Carries A or B antigens
Universal Recipient - group AB, patient has no anti-A or anti-B
Inheritance: ABO + Rh genes are not linked
ABO + Rh (D) are inherited independently
Genetics: 86% caucasians are Rh(D) positive
The d gene is recessive
Dd, dD, DD persons are Rh(D) positive
Only dd persons are Rh(D) negative
Sig Rh(O) - 80% Rh(D) negative individuals exposed to Rh(D) positive blood will develop anti-D
Inheritance: ABO + Rh genes are not linked
ABO + Rh (D) are inherited independently
Genetics: 86% caucasians are Rh(D) positive
The d gene is recessive
Dd, dD, DD persons are Rh(D) positive
Only dd persons are Rh(D) negative
Sig Rh(O) - 80% Rh(D) negative individuals exposed to Rh(D) positive blood will develop anti-D
