6.12 Self-efficacy + Confidence

Question 1

Self efficacy + confidence

Answer 1

Some performers are confident in all sports and some are only confident in specific tasks, sports + situations. This is known as self-efficacy + is directly linked to positive past experiences.

Question 2

Bandura’s self-efficacy model

Answer 2

Self-efficacy is specific rather than general and varies in different circumstances. Bandura suggested 4 factors influence the level of self-efficacy shown by a performer.
4 factors + description;
- performance accomplishments = past experiences
- vicarious experiences = shared characteristics to show they can do it too
- verbal persuasion = giving praise and positive reinforcement
- emotional arousal = show performer how to cope with + control arousal levels

Question 3

Vealey’s model of sport confidence

Answer 3

Vealey suggested that the performer will undertake the task, such as taking a conversation in rugby with a certain amount of;
- trait sport confidence = their natural, innate confidence levels
- state sports confidence = their level of confidence in this situation based in past experiences
- competitiveness orientation = how drive the performer is and the types of goal they may have set themselves

Model:
- performer produces response
- considers subjective outcomes
- if perceive outcome as positives trait sport confidence + state sport confidence increases
- further the chances of approach behaviour being shown in other situations
- successful attempt will also increase level of competitiveness orientation
A negative outcome will lower trait + state confidence along with competitiveness + may lead to future avoidance behaviour + inactive lifestyle

Question 4

Home-field advantage

Answer 4

Suggests that performers usually perform better when playing at home spas they have a large number of supporters present are familiar with the venue.
Keeps level of certainly + therefore arousal low.
However some negative effects can reduce confidence because if the home crowd expect a win towards the end of the game and they are losing they could become hostile + the pressure may become really high and therefore cause social inhibition.

Question 5

Strategies to develop high levels of self-efficacy

Answer 5

Coach can;
- point out when performer succeeded previously
- ask performers peers to demonstrate skill to show they can do it too
- give praise + positive reinforcement
- use cognitive + somatic strategies to control performers arousal + anxiety levels
- allow success in training then gradually increase the difficulty of the task
- set achievable process + performance goals
- attribute success internally