Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

514 > 618 quiz 3 SCI etc > Flashcards

618 quiz 3 SCI etc Flashcards

1
Q

Neutropenia

A

low number of neutrophils in blood causing pt. to be at risk for developing infectious disease. Blood cancer, HIV, chemotherapy, aplastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, autoimmune disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

infections caught in hospital..ie UTI, pressure sores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MDRO

A

multi drug resistant organisms: typically transmitted from pt to pt by healthcare workers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sepsis

A

systematic inflammatory response where spread of infection from initial site into bloodstream occurs. Leads to inflammation and decreased blood flow to vital organs. Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungus infection. occurs in those critically ill such as UTI, brain infections, cellulitis, pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MRSA

A

bacteria that causes staph infection but is resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, methicillin. Can infect community healthy people with skin infections that look like boils. 1/3 causes during hospital stays. Causes blood infections, surgical site infections, infections spread by hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HEP A

A

transmitted by hep A in areas of poor sanitation usually through food or water, transmitted by stool, jaundice, abd pain, fever, fatigue, diarrhea, once you get it can never get it again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HEP B

A

liver disease caused by HBV virus, spread through intimate contact, can cause lifetime scarring of liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HEP C

A

commonly sexually transmitted, liver disease caused by HVC in blood of people with disease. Leads to chronic liver infection, need for liver transplant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Gastroenteritis Norovirus

A

highly contagious viruses that cause diarrhea, quick onset with fatigue, malaise, myalgia, cramps, handwashing, wear gloves, spread by fecal contaminated food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C Diff

A

bacteria causing diarrhea or colitis, watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, appetite loss, abdominal tenderness. OT must wash with soap. Can get it through touching surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are common infectious disease OT’s treat?

A

Shingles, concentrated rash on trunk, airborne or contact with blisters, can lead to neuralgia, CNS problems, pneumonia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are common autoimmune conditions OT’s treat and what is the role of OT?

A

activity modifications, positioning, pain management, IADL performance, energy conservation strategies, splinting, maximize self-care independence, AE and DME.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SCI

-Know the demographics and epidemiology

A

80% males, vehicle accidents and falls are most cause. 12,00 per year.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Brown sequard syndrome

A

damage to ½ the cord, same side proprioceptive and motor loss, opposite side loss of pain and temp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Central cord syndrome

A

incomplete injury, cervical region, damage to center part of cord, Greater UE weakness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior cord syndrome: front part of body

A

Variable motor and sensory loss, intact proprioception. Usually a whiplash inj. older pt fall, incomplete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Conus medullaris syndrome

A

lesion to sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots stretched or damaged, bladder, bowel, LE deficits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cauda equine syndrome

A

LMN injury to lumbosacral n roots, bladder, bowel, LE deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

heterotopic ossification

A

the process by which bone tissue forms outside of the Skelton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

autonomic dysreflexia

A

uncontrolled sympathetic activity flowing from SC below lesion level, T6 and above, bladder infection, sexual stim, pressure sores, Symptoms: severe, pounding headache, sweating above lesion level, stuffy nose, flushing, bradycardia. TX: elevate head, eliminate offending stimulus, positioning to prevent pressure sores, skin check, loosen clothing or constrictive devices, check catheter for kinks, monitor BP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

blood pressure drops dangerously low in response to upright positioning. Pallor, visual changes, T6 and above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pallor

A

deficiency of color especially of the face : paleness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Elbow flexors

A

C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wrist extensors

A

C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Elbow extensors

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Finger flexors

A

C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Finger abductors

A

T1

28
Q

Sensory levels

A

light touch and pin prick along dermatome: 0=absent, 1=impaired, 2=normal

29
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

symptoms: blood pressure drops dangerously low in response to upright positioning.( pallor, light headiness, visual changes) Typically happens in higher level cord injury’s.

30
Q

Orthostatic Hypotension tx

A

recline pt so head is below heart. Put pt to bed with LE’s elevated above heart. monitor BP.

31
Q

Philadelphia collar

A

cervical spine: sternal-occipital mandibular mobilizer, 6-8 weeks.

32
Q

Surgical stabilization

A

Thoracolumbar spine
Transpedicular screws
Harrington Rod
Either with Jewett brace post - op

33
Q

Herrington Rod

A

go on either side of the erector spinae

34
Q

Non surgical stabilization Cervical spine

A

HALO traction: 4 pins inserted into skull, 6-12 weeks

35
Q

pressure relief

A

weight shift pressure relief schedule. Pressure relief strategies: weight shifting pressure relief schedule, lean to one side hook arm behind chair to lean to one side or tip forward to relief the backside.

36
Q

DVT

A

blood clot, redness, warmth swelling, mostly at risk in the calf and triceps.

37
Q

Tetraplegia c1-c4

A

:

C1-c3 diaphragm is paralyzed, c4 may need a vent, paralyzed from neck down.

38
Q

C5 tetraplegia

A

Deltoids and biceps are weak, UE needs support to fx, resting hand splint. Able to speak but decreased breathing and endurance.

39
Q

C6 tetraplegia

A

They need to learn the pinch patterns using the thumb so need tenodesis splint. Radial wrist extensors

40
Q

C7 tetraplegia

A

can eat groom and dress.
Rotator cuff, deltoids, biceps, triceps, ulnar wrist, wrist flex, finger flex, ext, thumb flex, ext abd, limited grasp/release. Increased UE strength/endurance, reach above head.
can eat groom and dress.
Rotator cuff, deltoids, biceps, triceps, ulnar wrist, wrist flex, finger flex, ext, thumb flex, ext abd, limited grasp/release. Increased UE strength/endurance, reach above head.

can eat groom and dress.
Rotator cuff, deltoids, biceps, triceps, ulnar wrist, wrist flex, finger flex, ext, thumb flex ext abd, limited grasp/release. Increased UE strength/endurance, reach above head.

41
Q

C8 tetraplegia

A

extrinsic finger ms, thumb flexors, grasp with MCP’s in ext and IP’s in flexion. Claw hand.

42
Q

T1-T9 Paraplegia

A

UE’s fully intact, limited UE trunk stability, increased endurance, lower trunk and total LE paralysis, no functional ambulation, arm strength is WFL. More trunk muscles are innervated.

43
Q

T10-L1 Paraplegia: lower back

A

Better trunk stability but LE are still paralyzed. Some function ambulation with leg braces, ad weight and do lateral flexion if no rods. PRE program.

44
Q

L2-S5 paraplegia

A

Good trunk stability, partial to full LE control.

45
Q

Appropriate assessments and assessment areas and how might this vary given different levels such as high-level tetra to low thoracic/high lumbar level injuries.

A

SKIM for everything

C1-C4: 
C5:
C6: fine motor assessments, 
C7:
C8: box and blocks, 9 hole, Minnesota,  
T1-9:
T10-L1:
L2-S5:
TX: Balance, ADL’s, pain, endurance  
TX: 
Hand function, pinch grasp, leisure, communication, bowel and bladder, mobility, vocation, school, home and community, endurance, pain, ROM, strength, IADL, ADL’s,
46
Q

What are the issues unique to the older driver?

A

Hearing loss, low vision/night vision, arthritis, muscular weakness, peripheral neuropathy, stroke, memory loss, dementia

47
Q

What are some common problems related to driving that clients with various neuro, orthopedic problems experience?

A

ROM, muscle tone, vision, impulsively, numbness, processing information, coordination, forgetfulness.

48
Q

How might the occupation of driving be modified to enhance client safety?

A

Adaptive devices: backing camera, special mirrors.

49
Q

What are some basic auto modifications to enhance ones ability to drive safely? (i.e. hand controls, mirrors, etc)

A

Hand controls, mirrors, foot pedals.

50
Q

How are client skills & deficits evaluated for driving?

A 
Client History: medical and driving
a Clinical Assessment: physical, vision/perception
cognition and behavior
a Functional (on-the-road) Assessment
a Vehicle and Equipment Recommendations
a Driving Recommendations
a Final Fitting
a Licensing
a Documentation
51
Q

Driving and vision eval

A 
Vision
• Acuity
• Binocularity
• Visual Fields
• Eye Coordination/Muscle
Balance
• Scanning/Ocular Pursuits
• Contrast Sensitivity
• Night Vision/Glare
Recovery
• Color
52
Q

Perception/Driving

A 
• Depth Perception
• Form Constancy
• Figure Ground
• Visual Memory
• Visual Closure
• Position in Space
• Spatial Relationship
• Perceptual
Processing Speed
53
Q

Perception: Visual Closure

A 
• Difficulty recognizing signs or other
traffic control devices that are
partially covered by trees or other
objects.
• May not be able to look ahead and
see what’s happening in the whole
environment, or perceive the
safety threat represented by a
vehicle or pedestrian that is
partially obstructed at the side of
the road and may be about to
move into the driver’s path.
54
Q

Perception: Position in Space

A 
Unsure of position as related
to another object; particularly
when close to other objects or
cars
Trouble orienting vehicle when
in curves or coming out or
tums; problem does not
usually improve significantly
with cues or practice.
55
Q

Perception: Spatial Relationship

A 
Unable to determine
position in relationship to
two or more objects in the
road scene or their relation
to each other
• likely to have difficulties at
complex and/or angled
intersection;
• may have trouble backing
up.
56
Q

Perception: Spatial Neglect

A 
Does not acknowledge
one side of the
environment
• Misses vehicles or other
objects usually to one
side
• Drifts in lane to one side
with little or no
improvement when
cued
• Often unsafe in lane
changes
57
Q

Cognition

A 
Attention/Concentration
• Direction Following
• Memory
• Sequencing
• Right/Left Discrimination
• Behavior and Self-Control
• Planning and
Organization
• Traffic Sign and Road
Markings
• Traffic Rules
• Judgment and Insight
58
Q

Macular degeneration

A

leading cause of legal blindness, causes damage or breakdown of the macula which is part of the retina, responsible for capturing and directing light. Difficulty recognizing faces, detailed vision is reduced, decreased ability to judge height, distance, and depth.
wet and dry versions: Dry most common causing gradual blurring of central vision in affected eye.
wet: abnormal blood vessels under macula leak blood and fluid causing rapid damage in the macula.

59
Q

Cataracts

A

clouding of normally clear lens of the eye. Blurred vision, sensitive to glare, and difficultly identifying color. clouding of the lens leads to a distortion of light passing through the eye.

60
Q

Glaucoma

A

sneak thief vision, decreased peripheral vision, sensitive to light, blurred misty, pain halo around lights. Number one preventable diagnosis.
sneak thief vision, decreased peripheral vision, sensitive to light, blurred misty, pain halo around lights. Number one preventable diagnosis.
sneak thief vision, decreased peripheral vision, sensitive to light, blurred misty, pain halo around lights. Number one preventable diagnosis.
sneak thief vision, decreased peripheral vision, sensitive to light, blurred misty, pain halo around lights. Number one preventable diagnosis.

61
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

decreased visual acuity, increase in glare, central and peripheral vision affected, overall blurred vision, trouble seeing detail. Swiss cheese effect.

62
Q

Ophthalmologist

A

specialist in medical and surgical eye problems. Since ophthalmologists perform operations on eyes, they are both surgical and medical specialists.

63
Q

Optometrist

A

A practitioner who provides primary eye and vision care, performs eye examinations to detect vision problems, and prescribes corrective lenses to correct those problems.

64
Q

What are some technology aids that may be used to compensate for low vision and how are they used?

A

Magnifying spectacles, hand held magnification, stand magnifications, telescopes, video magnifiers, video magnifiers. Large print maps, folding cane, lap desk, low vision cards, large bingo cards, 20/20 pen. Writing guides, bold line pen.

65
Q

How is low vision defined as compared to total blindness?

A

Low vision: based on limitations in visual acuity, fields, function, cannot be corrected with surgery, legal blindness is 20/200 or worse.

Blindness is the inability to see anything, even light. If you are partially blind, you have limited vision. Complete blindness means that you cannot see at all and are in total darkness. Legal blindness refers to vision that is highly compromised: What a person with healthy eyes can see from 200 feet away, a legally blind person can see only from 20 feet away.

66
Q

What environmental aids may be effective

A

Large print, easy reader, magnifier, electronic telescopes, talking alarm clock, magnifying mirror, large button phone, Black on white, line stairs with red tape.

67
Q

What is eccentric viewing?

A

Fixation in which the eye moves so as to place the image of an object outside the fovea. The object is perceived by the patient as looking ‘past’ it and not directly at it as in eccentric fixation. Eccentric viewing is often applied by people with low vision suffering from macular degeneration to improve reading a letter or a word by looking slightly above, below or to the side of it.
“Learning to use your peripheral vision. “

514 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions