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ANTH 111 > Kinship and Descent- Lecture (1) > Flashcards

Kinship and Descent- Lecture (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the original political system?

A

kinship

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2
Q

What are 3 important functions of kinship?

A
  • secures people’s rights to economic resources
  • maintains integrity of economic resources
  • offers people protection from others
  • provides people with the sense of belonging continuity, and identity
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3
Q

What are the 3 aspects of kinship relations?

A
  • are multifunctional
  • participation is involuntary
  • membership is overlapping
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4
Q

What offers people protection as an adaption tool?

A

kinship

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5
Q

Kinship is a ___institution, meaning that people self-organize into it.

A

social

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6
Q

True or false: Kinship is always constructed biologically?

A

False

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7
Q

What are two ways kinship relations are created?

A

Kinship relations created through biological reproduction, but kinship relationships are constructed culturally.

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8
Q

___expectations of kin relationships vary.

A

Normative

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9
Q

What are descent groups?

A

Members share descent from a common ancestor through a series of patten-child links

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10
Q

What are 3 types of descent?

A

1) unilinear descent (patrilineal or matrilineal)
2) ambilineal descent
3) bilateral descent

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11
Q

What type of descent establishes kin group membership exclusively through the male or female line?

A

unilinear descent

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12
Q

What are patrilineal descent groups?

A

Male members trace their descent from a common male ancestor. A female belongs to the same descent group as her father and his brother. Authority over the children lies with the father or his elder brother.

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13
Q

Whose descent group is the girl apart of with patrilineal descent? What about this girl’s children?

A

The girl is a member of her father’s descent group, but her children will not be Because her children will be the children of another man from a different patrilineal group.

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14
Q

What are 2 sources of tension in patrilineal descent groups?

A

1) the requirement for younger men to defer to older men

2) requirement for women to defer to men, as well as to the women of a household they marry into.

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15
Q

What are matrilineal descent groups?

A

descent is traced through the female line

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16
Q

True or false: While matrilineal descent groups do not confer public authority on women, women do have more say in decision making than in patrilineal societies

A

true

17
Q

Where are matrilineal descent groups common?

A

In societies where women perform much of the productive work (i.e. horticultural)

18
Q

What type of descent are the hopi of northeastern Arizona?

A

matrilineal descent

19
Q

What is post-marital residence in matrilineal group, Hopi of northeastern Arizona?

A

matrilocal, as in property inherited matrilocally

20
Q

Who owns ritual ceremonies in the Hopi?

A

clans, clan worships their own set of mystical powers, or wuya

21
Q

What are 2 sources of tension in matrilineal descent groups?

A

1) husband’s authority lies not in his own household but in that of his sister
2) unsatisfactory marriages may be ended easily, resulting in higher divorce rates than patrilineal societies

22
Q

What is ambilineal descent?

A

Individual has an option of affiliating with either the mother’s or the father’s descent group.

23
Q

True or false: With ambilineal descent, individuals frequently belong to several groups at once.

A

True

24
Q

What are 2 functions of ambilineal descent?

A

1) regulates access to power

2) individual choice of membership is much wider than in unilinear descent

25
Q

Describe how the on Polynesia, an island of Samoa, the people practice ambilineal descent.

A
  • several ‘aigas (descent groups) in each village

- one chooses membership depending on his current interests

26
Q

Describe how New York City Jews (of Eastern European background) practice ambilineal descent?

A

Family circles and cousins clubs

27
Q

What is bilateral descent?

A

An individual regards his/her relatives on both sides as equally important. No well defined ‘property holding’ groups exist.

28
Q

How are relationships traced in bilateral descent?

A

Rather than lineages and class, tracing relationships produces associates of relatives known as kindred.

29
Q

What are 3 functions of descent groups?

A

1) provide aid and security to their members
2) regulates property relationship
3) repositories of religious tradition, with group solidarity enhanced by worship of a common ancestor

30
Q

What is Western European v.v. Eastern European (Slavic) peasantry an example of with their full inheritance c.s. partible inheritance?

A

descent groups regulating property relationships

31
Q

What are the totems representing family clans in the coastal societies of British Columbia an example of?

A

Repositories of religious tradition, with group solidarity enhanced by worship of a common ancestor.

32
Q

True or False: matrilineally is not matriarchy.

A

true

33
Q

___of matrilineal people live in avuncolocality.

A

1/3

34
Q

What is avunculocality?

A

Young couple moving next to/with the husband’s mother’s brother.

35
Q

Who controls power, property,and resources in most matrilineal societies?

A

men

36
Q

In matrilineal societies, whose children does a male have authority over?

A

Lineage (male) elder has authority not over his own children, but over his sister’s children.

37
Q

Fill out the following chart:

UNILINEAL:

Matrilineal: Characteristic___; associated kin group___
Patrilineal: Characteristic___; associated kin group___

AMBILINEAL: Characteristic___; associated kin group___

BILATERAL: Characteristic___; associated kin group___

A

UNILINEAL:

Patrilineal: through male line; (patri)lineages & (patri)cians
Matrilineal: through female line; (matri)lineages & (matri)clans

AMBILINEAL: through either male or female line; ambilineal descent groups

BILATERAL: equally through both male & female lines; kindred

ANTH 111 (20 decks)

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