7. Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Describe the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep

Answer 1

Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscle and associated deep fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum

Question 2

Describe the fascia below the umbilicus

Answer 2

Camper’s fascia

Scarpa’s fascia

Question 3

Describe the composition and location of camper’s fascia

Answer 3

Superficial

Fatty

Question 4

Describe the composition and location of scarpa’s fascia

Answer 4

Deep

Membranous

Question 5

What does camper’s fascia become in males?

Answer 5

Dartos fascia of scrotum

Question 6

What does scarpa’s fascia become in females?

Answer 6

Fascia of labia majora

Question 7

Where does scarpa’s fascia attach?

Answer 7

Umbilicus
Pubic symphysis
Linea alba

Question 8

What does scarpa’s fascia become further down the body?

Answer 8

Fascia lata (thigh)
Colles' fascia (in males)

Question 9

Attachment of external oblique?

Answer 9

Ribs 5-12
Iliac crest
Linea alba

Question 10

Function of external oblique?

Answer 10

Flex trunk using both

Lateral flexion using one

Question 11

Innervation of external oblique?

Answer 11

Anterior rami T7-T12

Question 12

What is the linea semi-lunaris?

Answer 12

Where external oblique muscle turns to aponeurosis

Question 13

What is the linea alba?

Answer 13

Broad tendon/ aponeurosis from xiphoid process to public symphysis

Question 14

Attachments of internal oblique?

Answer 14

Inguinal ligament
Iliac crest
Thoracolumnar fascia
Ribs 9 - 12

Question 15

Function of internal oblique?

Answer 15

Both flex trunk

One side - lateral flexion

Question 16

Innervation of internal oblique?

Answer 16

Anterior rami T7 - T12 and L1

Question 17

Attachments of transversus abdominis?

Answer 17

Inguinal ligament
Costal cartilages 7 - 12
Iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fasica
Conjoint tendon
Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Pubic crest

Question 18

Innervation of transversus abdominis?

Answer 18

Anterior rami T7 - L1

Question 19

Attachments of rectus abdominis?

Answer 19

Pubic tubercle
Pubic crest
Pubic symphysis
Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages ribs 5 -7

Question 20

Function of rectus abdominis?

Answer 20

Flexion of trunk

Support/ compression of abdominal wall for urination/ coughing etc

Question 21

Innervation of rectus abdominis?

Answer 21

Anterior rami T7 - T12

Question 22

Function of pyramidalis?

Answer 22

Tenses linea alba

Small muscle, often absent - not very important

Question 23

Innervation of pyramidalis?

Answer 23

Subcostal nerve - T12

Question 24

What does the arcuate line signify in terms of the position of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 24

Below arcuate line -

No longer a posterior sheath
All aponeuoses lie anterior
Rectus abdominis comes into direct contact with transversalis fascia

Question 25

What are the 3 folds found on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 25

Median umbilical ligament Medial umbilical ligament Lateral umbilical ligament

Question 26

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?

Answer 26

Urachus

Question 27

What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of?

Answer 27

Umbilical artery

Question 28

What vessels does the lateral umbilical ligament contain?

Answer 28

Inferior epigastric

Question 29

What is the superficial lymphatic drainage of the abdomen?

Answer 29

Anterior and posterior axillary | Superficial inguinal

Question 30

What is the deep lymphatic drainage of the abdomen?

Answer 30

Via internal thoracic artery to parasternal nodes Via abdominal aorta to lumbar nodes Via external iliac artery to external iliac nodes

Question 31

What are the superficial arteries of the abdominal wall?

Answer 31

``` Musculophrenic (branch of internal thoracic) Superficial epigastric (branch of femoral) Superficial circumflex iliac (branch of femoral) ```

Question 32

What are the superficial nerves of the abdominal wall?

Answer 32

Lateral cutaneous branches 6-12 intercostal nerves Anterior cutaneous branches of 6-12 intercostal nerves Iliohypogastric nerve

Question 33

What are the deep arteries of the abdominal wall?

Answer 33

``` Superior epigastric Inferior epigastric Intercostal Lumbar Deep circumflex iliac ```

Question 34

What are the superficial veins of the abdominal wall?

Answer 34

Thoracoepigastric | Superficial epigastric

Question 35

What are the deep nerves of the abdomen?

Answer 35

Iliohypogastric | Ilioinguinal