Most important media for Neisseria diagnosis
Thayer Martin Chocolate Agar
[Gram Reaction]
Neisseria
Gram Negative
[Morphology]
Neisseria
Diplococci
[Presence of a Capsule]
Neisseria
Encapsulated
Dissemination of Gonorrhea can cause?
Gonococcal Arthritis
Immunoglobulin affected by N. meningitidis
IgA Protease
Uncomplicated N. gonorrhea infection manifests as this in women
Purulent Cervicitis
Can a pregnant woman with gonorrhea infect her baby
Yes, when the baby passes through the birth canal
[Oxidaste Test]
Neisseria
Positive
Organisms needing 5% carbon dioxide are classified as?
Captophilic
Organisms needing 5-10% oxygen are classified as?
Microaerophilic
[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]
Vaccine Availability
G: No vaccine
M: Serogroups A,C,W,Y
[N. gonorrhea vs. N. meningitidis]
Maltase Fermentation
G: ( - )
M: ( + )
Principle treatment for gonorrhea
Penicillin
[Penicillin vs. Tetracycline]
Mechanism of Action
P: Cell wall synthesis
T: Ribosomal synthesis
Why are Chlamydia trachomatis also called energy parasites
They are unable to make their own ATP and are obligate intracellular parasites
[Gram Reaction]
Chlamydia trachomatis
Technically gram negative, because they have no peptidoglycan in their walls
2 Forms of Chlamydia trachomatis
Which is the infective form?
- Elementary Bodies
- Reticulate Bodies
Elementary Bodies
How does Chlamydia trachomatis resist phagocytosis
Although they are phagocytosed, there is no fusion of the phagosome membrane and cell lysosome membrane so it exists within the phagosome
Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in females
80% Asymptomatic
Most common clinical manifestation of Chlamydia in males
75% Symptomatic
Urethral Discharge (less purulent, more watery)
Why are all newborns treated with erythromycin at birth?
Both N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis are treated by erythromycin
Main causative agent of Syphillis
Treponema pallidum
Other name for Hyaluronidase
Spreading Factor
Clinical Stages of Syphilis
Primary Secondary Latent Tertiary Congenital Syphilis
Characteristic feature of Primary Syphilis
Chancre at site of inoculation
Hard and painless
Highly infectious
Characteristic feature of Secondary Syphilis
Skin Rash
Characteristic feature of Tertiary Syphilis
Slow, progressive, destructive inflammatory disease affecting the CNS (Neurosyphilis)
Treatment of Choice for Syphilis
Penicillin
Clinical Manifestation of Haemophilus ducreyi
Chancroid
[ H. ducreyi vs. Syphilis]
Chancre Differentitation
H. ducreyi causes a soft, painful chancroid
Vaginal pH for Bacterial Vaginosis
> = 5
Gram stain of Gardnerella would present with this in Bacterial Vaginosis, how much should be present?
Clue Cells (>20% per HPF)
Describe the Whiff Test for Gardnerella vaginalis
10% KOH on vaginal discharge will produce a fish amine-like odor
[Presence of Cell Wall]
Mycoplasma
Absent
Gonorrhea is more easily transmitted from female to males or vice-versa?
Males to Females 50%
Females to Males 20%
Gonorrhea infects what % of people during first contact?
20-30%
Prevention for Opthalmia Neonatorum
Application of 0.5% erythromycin or 1% tetracycline opthalmic ointment
Silver nitrate can also be used but it is toxic and burns the skin so is discouraged
Trachoma is caused by?
Chlamydia Serovar A B Ba C
Lymphogranuloma Venerium is caused by?
Chlamydia Serovar LGV 1,2,3
Elementary Bodies of C. trahchomantis infects?
Columnar Epithelial Cells
First choice treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
How do you visualize Treponema pallidum
Immunofluorescence
Dark Field Microscopy
Condylomata lata are present in this infection
Syphilis
Gummas are present in this infection
Syphilis
Bubos are present in this infection
Chlamydia
Clutton’s Joints are present in this infection
Congenital Syphilis
Culture for Treponema palldium
Animal Models
“School of Fish” or “Railroad Tracks” Appearance
Haemophilus ducreyi
Medium for H. ducreyi
Chocolate agar supplemented with isovitale X in 5-10% CO2
Normal site of chancroids in males
Foreskin
Chancroid treatment
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Ceftriaxone
Erythromycin
Characterized by “Safety Pin” or “Donovan Bodies”
Calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis
Organisms that increase in Bacterial Vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacteroides spp.
Mobiluncus
Peptostreptococcus
[Gram Reaction]
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gram ( - )
[Morphology]
Gardnerella vaginalis
Bacillus
Incubation method for Gardnerella vaginalis
Anaerobic jar or bag
Facultative anaerobe and grows slowly in carbon dioxide rich atmosphere
Homogenous, non-viscous, milk-white vaginal discharge is characteristic of?
Bacterial Vaginosis
Culture used to diagnose Bacterial Vaginosis
Non-hemolytic on 5% Sheep Blood Agar
B-Hemolysis on human bilayer and vaginalis agar
A Nugent score of 0-3 is classified as?
Normal
A Nugent score of 4-6 is classified as?
Intermediate
A Nugent score of 7-10 is classified as?
Bacterial Vaginosis
Drug of Choice for Bacterial Vaginosis
Metronidazole
Trimetophrim