7.23 Pituitary

Question 1

adenohypophysis is also known as

Answer 1

anterior pituitary

Question 2

neuroypophysis is also known as

Answer 2

posterior pituitary

Question 3

anterior pituitary derived from

Answer 3

Rathke’s pouch (upward extension of oral canal)

Question 4

what carries hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pit

Answer 4

portal system

Question 5

what carries hormones from hypothalamus to posterior pituitary

Answer 5

axons of supraoptic nucleus to release ADH

axons of paraventricular nucleus to release oxytocin

Question 6

acidophils, basophils, and chromophobes are in

Answer 6

anterior pituitary

Question 7

acidophils secrete

Answer 7

GH

prolactin

Question 8

basophils secrete

Answer 8

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH

Question 9

posterior lobe derived from

Answer 9

outpouching on floor of 3rd ventricle

Question 10

local mass effect can cause

Answer 10

visual field abnormalities

HA, NV from incr ICP

pituitary apoplexy (acute hemorrhage into adenoma)

Question 11

manifestations of pituitary apoplexy

Answer 11

acute ACTH/cortisol deficiency (won’t be able to respond to stress)

mass effect (visual probs)

Question 12

most common pituitary adenoma

Answer 12

prolactinoma

Question 13

5% of pituitary adenomas have what syndrome

Answer 13

MEN1

Question 14

difference between functional and nonfunctional/silent pituitary adenoma

Answer 14

functional has hormone excess AND clinical sxs

nonfunctional only has immunohistochemical stains or EM manifestations (no clinical sxs)

Question 15

acidophiles in sheets or cords

Answer 15

pituitary adenoma

Question 16

pt has galactorrhea, amenorrhea, sexual dysfunction, infertility. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 16

prolactinoma

Question 17

pt has gigantism. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 17

growth hormone adenoma

Question 18

pt has acromegaly. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 18

growth hormone adenoma

Question 19

pt has cushing syndrome. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 19

corticotroph (ACTH) adenoma

Question 20

pt has hypogonadism, mass effects, and hypopituitarism. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 20

gonadotroph (FSH, LH)

Question 21

pt has hyperthyroidism. What pituitary adenoma?

Answer 21

thyrotroph

Question 22

What pituitary adenoma undergoes calcifications, making pituitary stones?

Answer 22

prolactinoma

Question 23

treatment for hyperprolactinoma

Answer 23

surgery

bromocripine (dopamine receptor agonist, which inhibits prolactin)

Question 24

causes of hyperprolactinemia

Answer 24

pregnancy
nipple stimulation
stress
lactotroph hyperplasia from stalk effect
dopamine receptor antagonists
estrogens
renal failure
hypothyroidism

Question 25

mass that interferes w/ dopamine delivery from hypothalamus to prolactin secreting cells in anterior pituitary

Answer 25

stalk effect

Question 26

how to diagnose GH adenoma

Answer 26

increase GH and IGF-1 fail to suppress GH with oral load of glucose

Question 27

people with GH adenomas also have what other health problems

Answer 27

``` gonadal dysfunction diabetes HTN arthritis CHF GI cancers ```

Question 28

failure to suppress GH production in response to oral load of glucose

Answer 28

GH adenoma

Question 29

treatment for GH adenoma

Answer 29

surgery somatostatin analogs (inhibit GH secretion) GH receptor antagonists

Question 30

corticotrophin cell adenomas can produce

Answer 30

Cushing's disease (b/c excess ACTH production, leading to excess cortisol production)

Question 31

most common plurihormonal adenoma

Answer 31

GH and prolactin

Question 32

how to diagnose pituitary carcinomas

Answer 32

it has to metastasize

Question 33

cause of hypopituitarism and posterior pituitary

Answer 33

hypothalamus problem

Question 34

hypopituitarism

Answer 34

hypo function of anterior pituitary

Question 35

common cause of pituitary hypofunction

Answer 35

TBI | subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 36

pituitary apoplexy causes decrease in what leading to what sxs

Answer 36

decrease ACTH and cortisol headache, diplopia, hypopituitarism, cardiovascular collapse

Question 37

Sheehan syndrome

Answer 37

postpartum ischemic necrosis of anterior pituitary

Question 38

if destroy all or part of pituitary gland

Answer 38

empty sella syndrome (causes hypopituitarism)

Question 39

hypothalamic suprasellar tumors cause

Answer 39

hypo function of anterior pituitary decrease ADH secretion diabetes insipidus

Question 40

what inflammatory disorder causes hypopituitarism

Answer 40

sarcoidosis

Question 41

what infection causes hypopituitarism

Answer 41

TB meningitis

Question 42

diabetes insipid us caused by

Answer 42

decreased ADH

Question 43

polyuria

Answer 43

diabetes insipidus / ADH deficiency

Question 44

2 types of diabetes insipidus

Answer 44

central and nephrogenic

Question 45

diabetes insipidus sxs

Answer 45

polyuria (excessive urine formation) - can't resorb water b/c no ADH

Question 46

what cancer can cause SIADH

Answer 46

small cell carcinoma of lung

Question 47

craniopharyngiomas are derived from

Answer 47

Rathke's pouch

Question 48

adult presentation of craniopharyngiomas

Answer 48

bitemporal hemianopsia

Question 49

child presentation of craniopharyngiomas

Answer 49

growth retardation b/c of pituitary hypo function and GH deficiency

Question 50

palisading squamous cells and compact lamellar keratin

Answer 50

craniopharyngioma (a hypothalamic suprasellar tumor)

Question 51

tumors filled with fluid like motor oil with bright yellow cholesterol flecks

Answer 51

craniopharyngioma (a hypothalamic suprasellar tumor)