8: The Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two roles of the human nervous system?
The human nervous system has two roles:
- To carry information quickly from one place to another
- To listen, analyse and act on the information
Describe the actions of the human nervous system:
The human nervous system acts very quickly, with short duration and very specifically targets using neurotransmitters
Describe the structure of the human nervous system:
The different parts of the human nervous system is made up of individual neurones. The neurones are physiologically identical in action, but vary based on their shape and the kind of information they carry
Millions of neurones run to all parts of the body and are organised into nerve bundles called nerves to keep things tidy
Nerve bundles are easier to wrap in protective tissues rather than wrapping each neurone individually
What are the divisions of the human nervous system?
The human nervous system is split into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
What makes up the central nervous system?
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the spinal cord
What is the role of the central nervous system?
The central nervous system receives and analyses information and sends commands to make things happen in other areas of the body
It is the analytical component for the whole body and often referred to as the control centre
What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system is made up of all of the nerves outside of the central nervous system that carry information to and from the CNS and the tissues
What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections based on the type of information that is carried:
- The sensory division
- The motor division
What is the sensory division?
The sensory division is a division of the peripheral nervous system
The sensory division’s nerves carry signals to the CNS from sensory receptors located throughout the body which detect changes in the internal and external environment
What is the motor division?
The motor division is a division of the peripheral nervous system
The moto division’s neves carry signals from the CNS to muscles and glands to make changes
The motor division can be further sub-divided into two, based on the kind of actions that result from their signals
What are the divisions of the motor division?
The motor division can be sub-divided into the somatic motor branch and the autonomic motor branch
What is the somatic motor branch?
The somatic motor branch is a division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
What is the role of the somatic motor branch?
The somatic motor branch nerves carry signals to skeletal muscles that make them contract with conscious control
What is the autonomic branch?
The autonomic branch is a division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
What is the role of the autonomic branch?
The autonomic branch’s nerves carry signals to smooth muscle, cardiac muscles and glands, to make them work with no conscious control
What are the subdivisions of the autonomic branch?
The autonomic branch can be sub-divided into two divisions:
- The sympathetic division
- The parasympathetic division
What is the sympathetic division?
The sympathetic division is a sub-division of the autonomic division of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
What is the role of the sympathetic sub-division
The sympathetic sub-division sends signals that cause the fight or flight responses in body organs and systems
Eg increased heart rate and dilated pupils
What is the parasympathetic sub-division?
The parasympathetic sub-division is a division of the autonomic branch of the motor division of the peripheral nervous system
What is the role of the parasympathetic sub-division?
The parasympathetic sub-division acts to restore the body to resting state and activity levels to normal after a sympathetic effect. Our lives are a balance between both effeccts
What are the main peripheral nerves of the bod?
The main peripheral nerves of the human body are:
- Cervical nerves
- Thoracic nerves
- Lumbar nerves
- Sacral nerves
- Coccygeal nerves
What are the main peripheral nerves of the head?
The main peripheral nerves of the ahead are:
- The filaments of the olfactory nerve
- Optic nerve
- Oculomotor nerve
- Trochlear nerve
- Trigeminal nerve
- Abducens nerve
- Facial nerve
- Vestibuocochlear nerve
- Glossopharyngeal nerve
- Vagus nerve
- Accessory nerve
- Hypoglossal nerve
What is a dermatone?
Each spinal/cranial nerve supplies a particular piece/ slice of the body,referred to as a derrmatone
Describe the anatomy of nervous tissue:
The nervous tissue is highly complex in structure and function. There are two types of cells in the nervous system, these are neuroglia and neurons