9-1 (perman done)

Question 1

what’s the prob of an obese person losing enough weight to be non obese

Answer 1

less than 5%

Question 2

in recent years, obesity has come to be seen as what kind of disease

pathway

Answer 2

inflammatory disease

adipose tissue expands beyond blood supply -> hypoxia -> inflammatory response -> inf mediators can induce insulin resistance

Question 3

def epigenetics

Answer 3

study of heritable characteristics that are indep of DNA sequence

Question 4

interesting observation about babies born to WW2 mothers who starved

imp of study

Answer 4

babies had MORE:

• obesity, diabetes
• heart disease

prenatal factors can induce epigenetic changes that predispose ppl to a condition

Question 5

read: obese during preg -> gestational diabetes -> child has obesity

Answer 5

-

Question 6

only effective way to lose weight is

Answer 6

achieve negative energy balance

Question 7

how has diet changed since 1970 (% wise)

Answer 7

50% MORE in all categories

Question 8

read: qualities of fad diet

1 fast 
2 limit nutrients
3 celeb in their ads 
4 products are sold along with diet 
5 promotion is critical of scientific evidence

Answer 8

-

Question 9

Paleo diet def

Answer 9

diet of ancestors

• berries
• meat
• animal fat

NO farmed (goal is pre agricultural) and processed foods

Question 10

are vegetarian diets “fad” diets

Answer 10

no

Question 11

which diet is high carb, low fat

Answer 11

Omish

Question 12

what is the most famous low carb diet

Answer 12

Atkins

Question 13

read: for a diet, you decide to reduce a macronutrient (ie carb or fat)

but it turns out, it doesn’t matter which you inhibit; you lose weight either way

Answer 13

-

Question 14

read: health benefits of olive oil
- reduced heart disease
- lower breast cancer
- lower neurodegeneration

Answer 14

-

Question 15

what type of olive oil is the healthy kind

Answer 15

extra virgin

Question 16

what’s the largest fat constituent of olive oil

Answer 16

oleic

Question 17

want to lose weight - should you snack?

Answer 17

NO

lower food quantity means more efficient at calorie conversion so snacking actually means a good amount of calories

Question 18

you want to keep your REE as low as possible while you are on a diet

which should you reduce (fat/carb/protein)

Answer 18

reduce fat

Question 19

REL of heart disease and breakfast and late night eating

Answer 19

skipping breakfast = 30% higher risk

eat late at night = 50% higher risk

Question 20

WHAT changes as a result of

• breast vs formula feeding
• use of antibiotics
• eating processed foods

Answer 20

microbiome

Question 21

antibiotic exposure during early years was associated with (inc/dec) body mass in healthy children

Answer 21

inc

Question 22

def GMO

Answer 22

dna was altered in lab

Question 23

are GMOs safe? (scientific evi)

Answer 23

yes - safe

Question 24

(T/F) drinking coffee = lower mortality

Answer 24

false

Question 25

what's the dif bt relative and absolute risk

Answer 25

ex: risk dropped from 2 per 100 ppl to 1/100 ab risk = 1% (99% of ppl did not benefit from drug) relative risk = 50%

Question 26

dietary fad can be trying to prevent obscure diseases ex

Answer 26

celiac disease (gluten sensitivity) occurs in 1% of pop

Question 27

read: food labelling is misleading ex: writes 0% trans fat but there is actually some hydrogenated oils

Answer 27

-

Question 28

name the gov food labeling campaign

Answer 28

smart choices

Question 29

what's the most prevalent med implication of BMI over 30

Answer 29

diabetes

Question 30

Which state has the lowest rate of obesity highest

Answer 30

Colorado hi-West Virginia and Mississippi

Question 31

when are you eligible for bariatric surgery

Answer 31

severely obese (BMI 35-40) WITH obesity related co morbidities morbidly obese (BMI over 40)

Question 32

read: to be eligible for bariatric surgery, you have to prove that you tried multiple times to lose weight

Answer 32

-

Question 33

what nutrient are you likely to be deficient in after a bariatric surgery

Answer 33

protein

Question 34

list some LATE post operative gastric bypass complications

Answer 34

- wound hernia (read: also breakdown of staple line; read: ulcer at anastomosis) - nutritional problems

Question 35

rank the weight loss surgeries in order of MOST weight loss to least

Answer 35

1 BPD (most) 2 roux en Y/GB 3 sleeve g 4 lap band

Question 36

weight loss after gastric bypass peaks when

Answer 36

peaks at 18 months POST surgery 0-18 months: increases steadily (inc in amount of weight lost)

Question 37

foregut theory give ex of effect

Answer 37

take out things that usually caused insulin DE sensitivity or dec insulin secretion ex: stim L cell -> inc GLP (glucagon like peptide) secretion -> inc insulin release

Question 38

hindgut theory give ex of effect

Answer 38

direct delivery of food to jejunum triggers factors that enhance insulin secretion ex: stim L cell -> inc GLP secretion -> inc insulin release

Question 39

what's the only hormone I need to know from this lecture

Answer 39

GLP 1 - induces insulin release - secreted by intestines

Question 40

which form of DEATH due to malnutrition (starvation/chronic disease/acute disease) OCCURS the fastest?

Answer 40

acute