Flashcards in 9.29 Immunity 4 Deck (46):
1
Humoral immunity is mediate by:
antibodies in
- saliva
- blood
- vaginal secretions
- other bodily fluids (macromolecules)
2
B cells are coated in __ and have specific receptor sites for ____
- immunoglobulin
- antigen
3
Once an antigen is identified, B cells are converted into these
plasma, or memory B cells
4
What happens once B cells are converted to plasma or memory B cells?
they circulate and look for a specific antigen to attack
5
antibody produced for the PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE
IgM
6
IgM is located here
in the vasculature
7
antibody produced for ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIVIRAL function
IgG
8
IgG is located here
- found in blood
- ONLY antibody to cross the placenta!
9
antibody produced to protect the body's surfaces
IgA
10
IgA is found here
- mucus membranes
- body secretions
11
antibody produced to control activation or suppression
IgD
12
antibody produced for parasitic and ALLERGIC REACTIONS
IgE
13
How does IgE affect allergic reactions?
activates mast cells and histamine
14
What happens to IgG with a hemolytic disease?
the fetus can treat IgG as non-self invaders and break down the RBCs
15
t-cell immunity (cell mediated) protects against
protects host agains infection by intracellular pathogens
- viruses
- some bacteria
16
In addition to intracellular pathogens, cell mediated immunity is also responsible for
- transplant rejection
- contact dermatitis
- some autoimmune diseases
17
T-cells interact with
a specific antigen
18
T-cells produce
sensitized t-cells
19
What are the sensitized T cells called?
helper T-cells
20
What do helper T cells do?
- activate macrophages and NK cells from innate immunity
- help cytotoxic T-cells destroy viruses
21
What are regulatory/suppressor T-cells?
help prevent autoimmune disease by SUPPRESSING activation of an immune response
22
What happens when a host is re-exposed?
secondary immune response is generated
- memory T cells rapidly differentiate into effectors for a quicker response
- called IMMUNOLOGIC memory
23
Immunologic memory is the basis for
vaccination
24
Where are Peyer's patches located?
small intestine
25
What are Peyer's patches?
- lymphatic tissue in the ileum that monitors intestinal bacteria
- helps prevent growth of pathogens
26
Where in the body does the immune response occur?
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- mucosa tissue (tonsils, adenoids, Peyer's patches)
27
Spleen has a major role with
filtration of blood
28
problem with ruptured spleen
liver has to take over the role of blood filtration
29
Overview of immune response
- pathogen enters
- innate immunity (complement system recognizes and destroys)
- if no innate immunity available, acquired immunity must step in
30
factors affecting immunity (lots)
- aging
- nutrition
- environmental pollution
- trauma or illness
- meds
- spleen fx
- stress
- psychosocial
- burns
- surgery
- socioeconomic status
- exercise
31
effect of exercise on immunity
can enhance or suppress depending on the intensity
32
With this type of exercise, immunity is enhanced
moderate exercise
33
How is immunity enhanced by moderate exercise?
- can prevent effects of stress
- increases phagocytic activity of neutrophils and macrophages
- NK enhancement
34
What happens to immunity after intense/long duration exercise?
immunity is impaired immediately following
35
How is immunity impaired following intense/long duration exercise?
NK cells and cytolytic activity declines but only briefly
36
Brisk exercise increases WBC in proportion to ______, then does this
- effort
- decreases below normal for several hours after intense exercise
37
Strenuous exercise (minimum 80% VO2max) can evoke
acute phase response (innate immunity)
38
Regular exercise/acute bout of exercise MAY give some protection against
chronic systemic low-grade inflammation
39
intense exercise and older people
- may be detrimental
- BUT a lifetime of MODERATE exercise and activity are positive
40
How long do aged adults need to recover from acute effects of severe exercise?
6-24 hours
41
"severe" exercise
perceived intensity is critical and differs with each individual
42
Exercise can delay
apoptosis
43
Accelerated apoptosis is seen with this disease
Alzheimer's
44
When should strenuous exercise be avoided?
during an infectious episode
45
What is different about post workout with older adults and younger people?
older adults: immune system isn't being suppressed right after a moderate workout like their younger counterparts
46