_A2_1 Flashcards

1
Q

Stereoisomers

A

A species with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

C=C double bond
Cis/Z trans/E

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2
Q

Chiral carbon

A

A carbon atom attached to four different atoms or groups of atoms

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3
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Electrons that are shared between more than 2 atoms

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4
Q

Addition reaction (describe reaction)

A

A reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

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5
Q

Substitution reaction

A

An atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms

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6
Q

Electrophile

A

An atom (or group of atoms) that is attracted to an electron rich centre (a high electron density) , where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

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7
Q

Electrophilic substitution

A

An electrophile is attracted to an electron rich centre or atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

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8
Q

Optical ismoers ~ Enantiomers

A

Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

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9
Q

Reaction mechanism

A

A series of steps that, together, make up the overall reaction

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10
Q

Curly arrow

A

A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to show the movement of an electron pair in the breaking or formation of covalent bonds

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11
Q

Functional group

A

The part of an organic molecule responsible for its chemical reactions

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12
Q

Electronegativity

A

The ability of an atom to attract a pair of electrons

IN a COVALENT BOND

added - CHECK - in past paper f321

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13
Q

Stem (carbonyl compounds)

A

The longest carbon chain present in an organic molecule

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14
Q

Suffix

A

The part of the name added after the stem

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15
Q

Redox

A

A reaction when both Reduction and Oxidation takes place

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16
Q

Reflux

A

The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling dry

17
Q

Nucleophile

A

An atom or group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond

18
Q

Esterification (describe reaction)

A

the reaction of an Alcohol with a Carboxylic acid to produce an Ester and WATER!

19
Q

Hydrolysis

A

a Reaction with Water or Hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds.

20
Q

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

A

is Responsible for carrying cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the tissues

21
Q

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

A

can Remove cholesterol From Arteries and transport it back to the Liver for excretion or re-utilisation

22
Q

Structural isomers

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural
Arrangements of atoms.

Think same molecular formula
But different ways of bonding functional groups or . ATOMs
E.g. Propan-1-ol , Propan-2-ol