A&P II Lab Endocrine

Question 1

The Pituitary gland is connected to where and what are the two regions of this gland

Answer 1

Connected to the hypothalamus via the infundibulum
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary

Question 2

Anterior pituitary (Adenohypophysis)

Answer 2

has high density of cuboidal cells
Releases hormones affecting other endocrine organs

Question 3

Growth hormone

Answer 3

Affects bone and muscle tissue. Is high in children. Overproduction can lead to gi(g)antism, underproduction can lead to dwarfism.

Question 4

Acromegaly

Answer 4

sudden growth in adulthood

Question 5

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 5

Stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone

Question 6

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 6

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids

Question 7

Prolactin

Answer 7

Promotes/regulates lactation

Question 8

Follicle stimulating hormone & Luteinizing hormone

Answer 8

Affect the gonads

Question 9

Posterior pituitary (Neurohypophysis) consists of

Answer 9

neurons from the hypothalamus send their axons to this side of the pituitary gland

Question 10

Posterior pituitary secretes two hormones known as

Answer 10

Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

Love hormone, helps to make you feel empathy, for humans is produced in mass after birth,what lets humans feel emotions. Affects the brain

Question 12

Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 12

causes you to retain water, suppresses urine production by traveling to the kidneys, makes us feel thirst when dehydrated

Question 13

Thyroid Gland is located

Answer 13

on the anterior surface of the neck

Question 14

When looking at the histology of the thyroid gland we can see structures called

Answer 14

thyroid follicles filled with thyroglobulin

Question 15

What cells surround the thyroid follicles

Answer 15

Simple cuboidal cells and this wall is called the follicular cells

Question 16

follicular cells secrete

Answer 16

hormones that regulate the overall metabolism in the body such as
○ triiodothyronine
○ tetraiodothyronine

Question 17

Parafollicular cells or C cells deal with

Answer 17

calcitonin

Question 18

Pancreas is located in

Answer 18

the abdomen on the inferior side of the stomach

Question 19

The Pancreas is both an

Answer 19

exocrine and endocrine but mostly exocrine

Question 20

Pancreatic islet are

Answer 20

the endocrine component of the pancreas, it appears to be a lighter color and it secretes hormones that regulate blood sugar/glucose

Question 21

What are the three hormones the Pancreatic islet and what do they do

Answer 21

○ Glucagon - increases blood glucose levels
○ Insulin - decreases blood glucose levels
○ Somatostatin - prevents (inhibits) the release of pancreatic hormones

Question 22

What does insulin do

Answer 22

causes body cells to take in glucose, thus removing glucose from the blood and lowering the blood glucose level.

Question 23

Why is insulin important

Answer 23

vital to the homeostasis of blood glucose level because it is the only control mechanism that causes the blood glucose level to decrease.

Question 24

Adrenal Gland is A pair of glands located on

Answer 24

the superior part of the kidneys

Question 25

What are the two regions of the adrenal gland

Answer 25

Adrenal cortex(superficial)
Adrenal medulla(deep)

Question 26

What does the Adrenal cortex(superficial) secrete

Answer 26

The zona glomerulosa secretes a family of hormones called mineralocorticoids(Ex Aldosterone)
The zona fasciculata secretes a family of glucocorticoids (Ex Cortisol)
The zona reticularis secretes androgens(Ex Dehydro-epiandrosterone)

Question 27

What does the Adrenal medulla(deep) secrete

Answer 27

Source of epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine