Y2 CONTROL & MOVEMENT > A4 - Wrist & Hand > Flashcards

A4 - Wrist & Hand Flashcards

(82 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the hand?

A
  1. carpal bones 2. metacarpals 3. phalanges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label the movements of the fingers and the bones of the hand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which bones make up the proximal row of carpal bones?

A

From radial side to ulnar:

  1. scaphoid
  2. lunate
  3. triquetral
  4. pisiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which carpal bones make up the distal row?

A

From ulnar side to radial:

  1. hamate
  2. capitate
  3. trapezoid
  4. trapezium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the carpal bones articulate with the radius to form the radiocarpal (wrist) joint?

A
  1. scaphoid
  2. lunate
  3. part of the triquetral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the carpal bones is most commonly fractured?

What can happen in later life if this fracture is missed?

A

scaphoid bone

if a fracture of the scaphoid is missed, the part of the scaphoid that interacts with the radius dies

this leads to painful arthritis in later life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Label the carpal bones

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 joints within the hand?

A
  1. metacarpophalangeal joints
  2. proximal interphalangeal joints
  3. distal interphalangeal joints
  4. the carpometacarpal joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What bones are involved in a ‘boxer’s fracture’?

A

this is a break of the 5th metacarpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which bones are involved in forming the carpometacarpal joint?

A

the trapezium and the first metacarpal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Label the joints of the hand

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the following movements of the thumb?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 types of nodes associated with osteoarthritis?

Which joints do they affect?

A

Herberden’s nodes affect the distal interphalangeal joints

Bouchard’s nodes affect the proximal interphalangeal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the following nodes associated with osteoarthritis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 main deformities of the hand associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

A
  1. Boutonniere deformity of the thumb
  2. ulnar deviation of metacarpophalangeal joints
  3. swan-neck deformity of the fingers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the Boutonniere deformity affect the joints in the hand?

A

the proximal interphalangeal joint is permanently bent towards the palm

the distal interphalangeal joint is bent away from the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the swan neck deformity affect the joints in the hand?

A

It causes distal interphalangeal joint to be bent towards the palm

the proximal interphalangeal joint is bent away from the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

A

a space on the anterior aspect of the wrsit

the long flexor tendons of the forearm and the median nerve pass through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What forms the roof, floor and sides of the carpal tunnel?

A

Roof:

transverse carpal ligament (this is the flexor retinaculum)

Floor and sides:

carpal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 main structures that run through the carpal tunnel?

A
  1. median nerve
  2. 4 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
  3. 4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
  4. tendon of flexor pollicis longus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structure is implicated in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

the median nerve becomes compressed within the carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Label the components of the carpal tunnel

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 main functions of the palmar aponeurosis?

A
  1. it protects the underlying tendons
  2. it gives firm attachment to the skin of the palm to improve the grip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the apex of the triangular palmar aponeurosis continuous with?

A

the palmaris longus tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles/
Intrinsic muscles have both their origin and insertion within the hand Extrinsic muscles insert, via long tendons, onto the bones in the hand but their origin lies outside of the hand
26
How can the intrinsic muscles of the palm be divided into 5 groups?
1. thenar eminence 2. hypothenar eminence 3. adductor pollicis 4. lumbrical muscles 5. palmar interossei
27
What is the innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
**deep branch of the ulnar nerve** except the 3 thenar and 2 lateral lumbricals - median nerve
28
What are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence?
1. opponens pollicis 2. abductor pollicis brevis 3. flexor pollicis brevis
29
What is the innervation of the 3 thenar muscles?
the recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1)
30
What is the action of opponens pollicis?
it medially rotates the thumb
31
What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?
it abducts the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
32
What is the role of flexor pollicis brevis?
it flexes the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint
33
Label the 3 thenar muscles
34
What is the innervation of adductor pollicis? What is its function?
It allows for adduction of the thumb It is innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
35
Which muscle is shown in the diagram?
36
What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?
1. opponens digiti minimi 2. abductor digiti minimi 3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
37
What is the action of opponens digiti minimi?
it laterally rotates metacarpal V
38
What is the action of abductor digiti minimi?
it abducts the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
39
What is the action of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
It flexes the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint
40
What is the innervation of the hypothenar muscles?
deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
41
Label the three hypothenar muscles
42
From which tendon do the lumbrical muscles arise?
from the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus in the hand (FDP)
43
What is the role of the lumbrical muscles? Where do they insert?
they insert onto the extensor expansions they are important for fine precision movements of the fingers they flex the metacarpophalangeal joints whilst extending the interphalangeal joints
44
What are the innervations of the lumbrical muscles?
**Medial lumbricals (3rd & 4th):** deep branch of the ulnar nerve **Lateral lumbricals (1st & 2nd):** digital branches of the median nerve
45
Label the lumbrical muscles
46
Where are the interossei found? Where do they insert?
There are 4 dorsal and 3 palmar interossei They lie between the metacarpal bones They insert onto the extensor expansion
47
What is the function of the palmar interossei?
PAD -PAlmar ADduct the palmar interossei are involved with adduction of the fingers
48
What is the function of the dorsal interossei?
DAB - Dorsal ABduct dorsal interossei are involved with abduction of the fingers
49
What function is performed by both the palmar and dorsal interossei?
they both contribute to extension at the interphalangeal joints of the fingers
50
What is significant about movement of the middle finger during abduction/adduction of the fingers?
the middle finger moves very little a line drawn along the plane of the middle finger is the **axial line** of the hand abduction and adduction occur about the axial line of the hand
51
52
Which direction do the tendons of the palmar interossei travel? What happens when they contract?
the tendons diverge away from the middle finger when they contract, the 2nd, 4th and 5th digits are pulled towards the middle finger (adduction)
53
Where are the locations of the palmar interosseus muscles? How many of them are there?
There are 3 palmar interossei - the middle finger (3rd) does not have one
54
Which direction do the tendons of the dorsal interossei travel? What action is acheived when they contract?
the tendons converge towards the middle finger when they contract, they pull digits 2 and 4 away from the middle finger (abduction) abductor digiti minimi abducts digit 5
55
How many dorsal interossei are attached to the middle finger? How does this affect its motion?
2 dorsal interossei are attached to the middle finger This allows it to be moved independently from side to side
56
What are the insertions of the dorsal interossei? Where are they positioned?
Insertion into base of proximal phalanges and dorsal hood
57
Where are extensor expansions (hoods) found in the hand?
they cover the dorsum and sides of the distal metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges
58
What intrinsic muscles are found in the dorsum of the hand?
there is only one set of intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand these are the dorsal interossei
59
Which muscles insert onto the extensor expansion? What movement is possible as a result of this?
the interossei and the lumbrical muscles this allows for: flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints & extension and the interphalangeal joints to occur simultaneously
60
What technique can be used to make the superficial veins of the hand more visible?
using a tourniquet around the arm or forearm restricts venous return and distends the superficial veins
61
Which veins form the dorsal venous network? Which vein runs through the anatomical snuffbox?
the cephalic and basilic veins form the dorsal venous network the cephalic vein runs through the anatomical snuffbox
62
Which arteries supply the hand?
the radial and ulnar arteries
63
Which digits are supplied mainly by the radial artery?
thumb and lateral side of the index finger
64
Which digits are supplied mainly by the ulnar artery?
medial side of the index finger and the remaining digits
65
What forms the superficial and deep arches in the hand?
**superficial arch:** formed from terminal part of **ulnar artery** with input from radial artery **deep arch:** formed from terminal part of **radial artery** with input from ulnar artery
66
What do the superficial and deep palmar arches give rise to?
digital arteries
67
What is significant about anastomoses between the ulnar and radial arteries?
this ensures that, if one of the arteries is blocked, the hand will still be perfused
68
Label the arteries and blood supply of the hand
69
When may Allen's test be used in clinic?
it is used to assess the adequacy of blood flow within both the ulnar and radial arteries this is performed before the arteries are accessed for arterial blood samples
70
Label the steps being shown in Allen's test
71
What is Raynaud's Syndrome?
a condition in which spasms of the arteries cause episodes of reduced blood flow the small arteries in the extremities are sensitive to even the slightest changes in temperature, the cold and stress
72
Which nerves supply the skin of the hand?
1. ulnar nerve 2. radial nerve 3. median nerve
73
Which area of the palm is supplied by the ulnar nerve?
it supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the **ulnar 1 ½ digits** and the adjacent part of the palm
74
Which area of the dorsum is supplied by the ulnar nerve?
it supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the ulnar 2 digits except the lateral half of the skin over the distal phalanx of the 4th finger
75
Which structures does the ulnar nerve supply motor innervation to?
1. hypothenar eminence muscles 2. medial two lumbricals 3. 7 interossei 4. adductor pollicis
76
77
Which areas of the palm are supplied by the median nerve?
it supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the lateral 3 ½ digits and the adjacent part of the palm of the hand
78
Which parts of the dorsum of the hand are supplied by the median nerve?
it supplies sensory innervation to the skin over the distal phalanges of the lateral 3 ½ digits
79
Which structures does the median nerve supply motor innervation to?
1. thenar eminence muscles 2. lateral two lumbricals
80
label the median nerve and the structures that it supplies
81
Which part of the hand is supplied by the radial nerve?
it supplies sensory innervation over the remaining part of the palm and over the dorsum of the lateral 3 digits as far as the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and the distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd and 3rd fingers
82
Y2 CONTROL & MOVEMENT
flashcards
Decks in class (69)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions