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AAB Microbiology Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

What term describes the morphology of organisms that vary in size and shape?

A

Pleomorphic

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2
Q

Capsules are the basis of which test?

A

Serotyping

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3
Q

A mucoid colony on blood agar medium indicates that which characteristics may be present?

A

Organism has a capsule

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4
Q

What are dark staining granules called?

A

Metachromatic

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5
Q

Which organisms are nonmotile?

A

Shigella and Klebsiella

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6
Q

In the bacterial growth cycle, growth ceases because nutrients are exhausted or toxic metabolic products have accumulated in which phase?

A

Stationary phase

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7
Q

Which genera of bacteria form spores?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

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8
Q

What term is used to describe bacteria that grow in the absence of atmospheric oxygen and obtain oxygen from oxygen-containing compounds?

A

Anaerobes

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9
Q

What is the temperature at which bacteria grow best known as?

A

Optimum

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10
Q

On blood agar plates, a small zone of alpha hemolysis surrounded by a zone of beta hemolysis after refrigeration is known as what type of hemolysis?

A

Alpha-prime

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11
Q

What is the most effective method of sterilization?

A

Autoclaving

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12
Q

Which of the following is used for quality control for the dry heat oven?

A

Bacillus subtilis

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13
Q

Media that cannot be heated can be sterilized by what alternate method?

A

Filtration

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14
Q

What disinfectant is the most effective germicide against bacteria, spores, tubercle bacilli, fungi, and viruses?

A

Chlorine

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15
Q

What is a term that describes a process or treatment that renders a medical device, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle?

A

Decontamination

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16
Q

What color do gram-positive bacteria stain?

A

Purple

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17
Q

Acid-fast bacteria appear what color microscopically?

A

Red

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18
Q

Acide-fast organisms in tissue are best stained by what method?

A

Kinyoun

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19
Q

What should be used to remove antimicrobials before culturing?

A

Antimicrobial removal device

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20
Q

What does sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) do?

A

Prevents blood clotting

Prevents phagocytosis

Neutralizes the bactericidal effect of human serum

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21
Q

What is the most abundant normal flora in throat cultures?

A

Alpha-hemolytic streptococci

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22
Q

What is the most common pathogen in throat cultures?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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23
Q

Why is it recommended to stab the blood agar plate when setting up throat cultures?

A

Some streptococci may not produce beta hemolysis under aerobic conditions

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24
Q

Nasopharyngeal swans are recommended for the detection of which carriers?

A

H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, and B. pertussis

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25
Why is a first morning urine specimen preferred for urine cultures?
Specimen is more concentrated
26
What indicates vaginal or urethral contamination of urine?
Greater than 10 squamous epithelial cells per hpf
27
How are smears of cerebrospinal fluid prepared?
Centrifuged CSF sediment
28
Smears of cerebrospinal fluid are usually stained with which stain?
Gram stain
29
What test, for bacterial antigen on cultures isolated from CSF, is more sensitive and faster?
Latex agglutination tests
30
What can cause general disease?
Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhea, and Chlamydia trachomatis
31
A positive coagulase test is observed for what?
Clotting of plasma
32
What is the preferred method of differentiating S. aureus from S. epidermidis?
Coagulase test
33
A colony of nonhemolytic, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, gram-positive cocci is most likely to be which organism?
Staphylococcus epidermidis
34
When performing a bacitracin differentiation test for Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, disks should be used that have how many units?
0.02-0.04 unit
35
Hippurate hydrolysis is used to differentiate which organisms?
Group A. Streptococci from group B. Streptococci
36
If pneumococci are resistant to penicillin, then they should be tested for what?
Beta-lactamase production
37
What is the most probable identity of a bio-esculin positive, beta-hemolytic streptococci that grows in 6.5% NaCl?
Enterococci
38
The bile-esculin test is used to differentiate which two organisms?
Group D. Streptococci from enterococci
39
An oxidase-positive, gram-negative coccide from a throat culture might be which organism?
Neisseria
40
A fastidious, oxidize-positive, gram-negative cocci from a rectal swab might be presumptively identified as which organism?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
41
Gram-Negative, coffee bean-shaped dipplococci with adjacent sides flattened is descriptive of what?
Neisseria
42
What specimens are appropriate for culturing Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
Eye, rectum, or oral cavity
43
What is Thayer-Martin media?
Enriched chocolate agar
44
What differentiates Thayer-Martin medium from modified Thayer-Martin medium?
Trimethoprim lactate
45
What is the medium of choice for culturing gonococci and meningococci?
Modified Thayer-Martin
46
What techniques can be used when performing the oxidase test?
Put a drop off reagent directly on the colony, Rob colony on a filter paper strip and add a drop of reagent, or rub the colony on a piece of filter paper containing the reagent
47
What color is a positive oxidase test?
Purple
48
Neisseria meningitidis degrades what sugars?
Glucose and maltose
49
Why should beta-lactamase tests be performed with growth from primary isolation media?
Plasmid coding for the enzyme may be lost on subculturing
50
Methods for testing for the production of beta-lactamase.
Chromogenic cephalosporin method Acidometric method Iodometric method
51
52
What indicates a positive reaction for the beta-lactamase chromogenic cephalosporin method?
Color change
53
What test can give a presumptive identification of Moraxella catarrhalis if the isolate is a gram-negative dipplococci that is oxidase positive and isolated from a body fluid from the middle ear?
DNase test
54
What is the morphology of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Gram-positive, nonmotile rods
55
The terms "picket fence" and "Chinese letters" describe the common arrangement of cells for which organism?
Corynebacterium
56
Babes-Ernst granules are characteristic of which organism?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
57
What is the purpose of potassium tellurite in tellurite medium?
Inhibits the normal flora
58
Potassium tellurite medium produces what color colonies of Corynebacterium diphtheriae?
Gray-black
59
When culturing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, what media will enhance pleomorphism and granule production?
Loeffler serum agar
60
The Elek is for the detection of which toxin?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin
61
62
Which diphtheroids is normal flora of the throat?
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum
63
How long did the morphological cycle of Rhodococcus equi from coccoid to rod form take?
24 hours
64
Refrigeration of the specimen for several months may enhance isolation of which organism?
Listeria monocytogenes
65
Listeria monocytogenes produces a positive in what biochemical test?
Catalase
66
What will differentiate Listeria monocytogenes from Corynebacterium species?
Nonmotile and salicin negative
67
Spore-forming cells in bamboo pole arrangement are characteristic of which organism?
Bacillus anthracis
68
Which aerobic, gram-positive, sporulating rod can cause food poisoning?
Bacillus cereus
69
What stains acid-fast bacilli?
Kinyoun
70
What is the function of N-acrtyl-L-cystein-NaOH?
Liquefy mucus and control contaminants
71
How should mycobacterial cultures be incubated?
In 5% CO2
72
Media that is clear so that colonies of mycobacteria can be examined microscopically?
Middlebrook 7H11
73
What color is a negative enzymatic hydrolysis Tween 80 test?
Amber
74
How is mycobacterium tuberculosis best differentiated from mycobacterium bovis?
Niacin and nitrate tests
75
A slow-growing, unbranched, acid-fast bacilli that is nitrate negative and niacin negative is most likely which organism?
Mycobacterium bovis
76
Which differential test for identifying the species of mycobacterium splits phenolphthalein from tripotassium phenolphthalein-sulfate within 2-3 days?
Arylsulfatase test
77
One tube of Lowenstein-Jensen medium is incubated covered with foil, and one tube is incubated uncovered. When is the covered tube observed?
When growth appears on the uncovered tube
78
What specimen is usually used for the diagnosis of Hansen's disease?
Tissue fluid
79
What are "lepra" cells?
Macrophages containing acid-fast bacilli
80
Lumpy jaw is caused by which organism?
Actinomyces israelii
81
Is actinomyces israelii aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
82
Nocardia is urease positive or negative?
Urease Positive
83
Nocardia Will grow on any medium that does not contain?
Antibiotics
84
A fastidious, small to filamentous, gram-negative rod from a nasopharynginal swab is most likely to be which organism
Haemophilus influenzae
85
Which medium is preferred for the culture of most Haemophilus species?
Enriched chocolate agar
86
Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus supply which of the following cultures of Haemophilus? A. Hemin B. Hematin C. X factor D. V factor
V factor

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