ABA Chapter 4 Measuring Behavior

Question 1

What 3 dimensional quantities does behavior have for measurement?

Answer 1

Repeatability
Temporal extent
Temporal Locus

Question 2

What is repeatability?

Answer 2

AKA countability; Instances of a response class can occur repeatedly through time (i.e behavior can be counted.

Question 3

What is temporal extent?

Answer 3

Every instances of behavior occurs during some amount of time (i.e., the duration of behavior can be measured).

Question 4

What is temporal locus?

Answer 4

Every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (i.e., when behavior occurs can be measured).

Question 5

What are all measures based on repeatability?

Answer 5

Count
Rate/Frequency
Celeration

Question 6

Define celeration.

Answer 6

Measures of how rates of responses change over time.

Question 7

Free Operant

Answer 7

Behaviors that have discrete beginning and ending points, require minimal displacement of the organism in time and space, can be emitted at nearly any time, do not require much time for completion, and can be emitted over a wide range of response rates.

Question 8

Measures Based on Temporal Extent

Answer 8

Duration

Question 9

Measures Based On Temporal Locus

Answer 9

Response Latency (aka latency) 
Interresponse Time

Question 10

2 derivative measures

Answer 10

Percentage

Trial to Criterion

Question 11

When do you use rate?

Answer 11

When behavior has a discrete beginning or end.

Question 12

When do you not use rate?

Answer 12

Recording behaviors that occur only within limited or restricted conditions (e.g discrete trial data, as trials measured by opportunities)
- measuring continuous behaviors that occur for extended periods of time.

Question 13

Formula for Celeration

Answer 13

count per unit of time/per unit of time

Question 14

Use duration measurement when.

Answer 14

• for behaviors that occur for too long a period of time or too short a period of time.
• high rates of behaviors.
  ex. : rocking, rapid jerks, on task and off task behaviors, continuous behaviors, ect.

Question 15

Trails to Criterion

Answer 15

A measure of the number of response opportunities needed to achieve a predetermined level of performance criteria.

Question 16

What can you use in a trials to criterion?

Answer 16

count, rate, duration and latency measures

Question 17

What are two definitional measures?

Answer 17

Topography

Magnitude

Question 18

3 procedures for measuring behavior:

Answer 18

1. Event recording
2. Timing
3. Time Sampling

Question 19

Eventing Recording

Answer 19

-Methods to record the number of times a response occurs.

Question 20

Event recording devices.

Answer 20

Pencil and paper, wrist counters, hand tally, digital counter, masking tape, pennies, buttons, paper clips, calculators, ect,

Question 21

When do you use event recording?

Answer 21

each response has a discrete beginning and end (free operants)

Question 22

When not to use eventing recording when:

Answer 22

responses occue at very high rates and/or continous behaviors (e.g on task behaviors, humming, ect.)

Question 23

Timing is used to measure:

Answer 23

Duration
response latency
interresponse time (IRT)

Question 24

Time Sampling (AKA?)

Answer 24

AKA: Interval Recording

- variety of methods for recording behavior during intervals or at specific moments in time.

Question 25

What does time sampling methods gives us ________ of the actual instances of behavior.

Answer 25

approximation

Question 26

3 times of Time Sampling

Answer 26

Whole interval Recording
Partial Interval Recording
Momentary Time Sampling

Question 27

Whole-Interval Recording

Answer 27

• Watch the behavior the entire observation session .

Question 28

What kind of behavior would you use for whole-interval recording?

Answer 28

continuous behavior.

Question 29

How precise does whole-interval recording measure?

Answer 29

underestimates rate of behavior. The greater the interval the greater degree which the recording will underestimate actual occurrence of the behavior.

Question 30

What does whole interval recording measure?

Answer 30

Yields an estimate of total duration.

Question 31

How precise does Partial Interval Recording measure?

Answer 31

overestimates total duration and underestimates the rate of a high frequency behavior.

Question 32

What kind of behavior would you use partial interval recording?

Answer 32

Good to use when you are trying to increase duration or decrease frequency.
- when behavior has a discrete beginning and end.

Question 33

How precise does momentary time sampling measure?

Answer 33

over estimates , underestimates or neither

Question 34

Momentary time sampling is used with what behaviors?

Answer 34

Primary to measure continuous activity behaviors such as engagement with a task or activity.

Question 35

Momentary time sampling is not recommended for?

Answer 35

Measuring low frequency, or short duration behaviors.

Question 36

Advantage of momentary time sampling?

Answer 36

observer does not have to attend continuously.

Question 37

Disadvantages for momentary time sampling?

Answer 37

Must of the behavior of interest is missed or unaccounted.

Question 38

Planned Activity Check (aka?)

Answer 38

PLACHECK

• for groups
• variation of momentary time sampling
• person looks at group to see with # of kids engaging in targeted activity.

Question 39

Measurement by permanent product

Answer 39

Measuring behavior after it occurred by measuring the effects that the behavior produced on the environment.

Question 40

Ex post facto measurement

Answer 40

measurement that takes place after the behavior has occurred.

Question 41

Contrived permanent product

Answer 41

Behaviors that do not have a direct effect of the environment can be measured by permanent product through usin video tape, photos, audiotapes ect.