Flashcards in Abdominal Wall And Cavity Deck (52)
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In a paramedial incision, which way would you displace the muscle and why?
Laterally, towards its nerve supply
1
What does a median incision go through?
Linea alba
2
Which incision would you use to access the gallbladder?
Subcostal
3
What would you use a pfannenstiel incision for?
C section
4
What happens to the rectus sheath at the arcuate line?
Above line, rectus abdominis covered anterior and posterior by aponeuroses of flat muscles of abdo wall
Below line, all 3 aponeuroses are anterior to muscle and so only fascia behind. This leaves region vulnerable to herniation
5
Which vessels are contained in rectus sheath?
Superior and inferior epigastric artery and veins
6
What are the 5 layers of the anterior abdominal wall?
Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles and aponeuroses
Transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum
7
Where does the inguinal ligament run?
From ASIS to pubic tubercle
8
Which muscle runs from rib 5-12 to anterior iliac crest, linea alba and pubic tubercle?
External oblique
9
What is an aponeurosis?
Broad flat sheet of tendon
10
What is the linea alba?
Midline fibrous aponeuroses
11
Why can you safely inject a needle or cannula into linea alba?
Avascular
12
Where does lymph of the anterior abdominal wall drain to?
Above umbilicus - axillary nodes
Below umbilicus - inguinal nodes
13
What is a hernia?
Protrusion of tissue or organ through its retaining tissue
14
Name 3 sites for an anterior abdominal wall hernia
Umbilical
Inguinal
Femoral
15
What is hesselbachs triangle?
Area of bulging of direct hernia. Medial to inferior epigastric artery. Bordered by rectus abdominis and inguinal ligament
16
Which type of anterior abdo wall hernia are women and men most likely to get?
Men - indirect inguinal
Women - femoral
17
What are the differences in contents of inguinal canal in males and females?
Males - spermatic cord and contents
Females - round ligament of uterus and lymphatics from uterus
18
What are the boundaries of the abdomen?
Diaphragm to pelvic girdle
19
What vertebral level is the Subcostal plane on?
L3
20
What vertebral level is the supracristal plane on?
L4
21
What vertebral level is the transtubercular plane on?
L5
22
What planes divide the abdomen into the 9 regions?
Mid clavicular lines
Subcostal plane
Transtubercular plane
23
What does the external oblique aponeurosis lower free border form?
Inguinal ligament
24
Where does the internal oblique run from and to?
From iliac crest and inguinal ligament
To linea alba, pubic bone and ribs 9-12
25
What do the lower aponeurosis of the internal oblique form?
Part of the conjoint tendon
26
Which arteries are united by the epigastric arteries?
Subclavian artery and external iliac artery
27
What can the vascular supply of the abdominal wall provide a bypass for?
Descending aorta
28
What nerve is at risk from a gridiron incision?
Ilioinguinal
29
