Flashcards in Abdominal Wall And Cavity Deck (52):
0
In a paramedial incision, which way would you displace the muscle and why?
Laterally, towards its nerve supply
1
What does a median incision go through?
Linea alba
2
Which incision would you use to access the gallbladder?
Subcostal
3
What would you use a pfannenstiel incision for?
C section
4
What happens to the rectus sheath at the arcuate line?
Above line, rectus abdominis covered anterior and posterior by aponeuroses of flat muscles of abdo wall
Below line, all 3 aponeuroses are anterior to muscle and so only fascia behind. This leaves region vulnerable to herniation
5
Which vessels are contained in rectus sheath?
Superior and inferior epigastric artery and veins
6
What are the 5 layers of the anterior abdominal wall?
Skin
Superficial fascia
Muscles and aponeuroses
Transversalis fascia
Parietal peritoneum
7
Where does the inguinal ligament run?
From ASIS to pubic tubercle
8
Which muscle runs from rib 5-12 to anterior iliac crest, linea alba and pubic tubercle?
External oblique
9
What is an aponeurosis?
Broad flat sheet of tendon
10
What is the linea alba?
Midline fibrous aponeuroses
11
Why can you safely inject a needle or cannula into linea alba?
Avascular
12
Where does lymph of the anterior abdominal wall drain to?
Above umbilicus - axillary nodes
Below umbilicus - inguinal nodes
13
What is a hernia?
Protrusion of tissue or organ through its retaining tissue
14
Name 3 sites for an anterior abdominal wall hernia
Umbilical
Inguinal
Femoral
15
What is hesselbachs triangle?
Area of bulging of direct hernia. Medial to inferior epigastric artery. Bordered by rectus abdominis and inguinal ligament
16
Which type of anterior abdo wall hernia are women and men most likely to get?
Men - indirect inguinal
Women - femoral
17
What are the differences in contents of inguinal canal in males and females?
Males - spermatic cord and contents
Females - round ligament of uterus and lymphatics from uterus
18
What are the boundaries of the abdomen?
Diaphragm to pelvic girdle
19
What vertebral level is the Subcostal plane on?
L3
20
What vertebral level is the supracristal plane on?
L4
21
What vertebral level is the transtubercular plane on?
L5
22
What planes divide the abdomen into the 9 regions?
Mid clavicular lines
Subcostal plane
Transtubercular plane
23
What does the external oblique aponeurosis lower free border form?
Inguinal ligament
24
Where does the internal oblique run from and to?
From iliac crest and inguinal ligament
To linea alba, pubic bone and ribs 9-12
25
What do the lower aponeurosis of the internal oblique form?
Part of the conjoint tendon
26
Which arteries are united by the epigastric arteries?
Subclavian artery and external iliac artery
27
What can the vascular supply of the abdominal wall provide a bypass for?
Descending aorta
28
What nerve is at risk from a gridiron incision?
Ilioinguinal
29
What serves as a reference point to differentiate between an inguinal and a femoral hernia?
Pubic tubercle
Above and medial - inguinal
Below and lateral - femoral
30
What are the borders of the lumbar (petit) triangle?
External oblique
Latissimus dorsi
Iliac crest
31
What is the deep inguinal ring?
Invagination of transversalis fascia
Lies between the midpoint of inguinal ligament and the midinguinal point (1cm above the inguinal ligament)
32
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Lies supero-lateral to the pubic tubercle
Point of emergence of spermatic cord (male) or round ligament and coverings (female)
33
What forms the tunica vaginalis?
Testicle is retroperitoneal and descends through the anterior abdominal wall and pulls a fold of peritoneum with it that forms the tunica vaginalis
34
What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
Transversalis fascia
35
What level does the coeliac trunk, SMA and IMA branch from the aorta?
T12
L1
L3
36
What pain modalities are viscera not sensitive to?
Cutting or thermal stimuli
37
What are the 2 compartments of the greater sac?
Supracolic and infracolic
38
Why does the lesser sac become sectioned off?
Pancreas, liver, duodenum and gallbladder become secondarily retroperitoneal
39
How does the stomach rotate to reach its adult position?
Rotates to right about longitudinal axis & clockwise about sagittal axis
40
What does the ventral mesentery become?
Lesser omentum
41
What does the dorsal mesentery become?
Greater omentum
42
Describe the surface anatomy of the liver
Right costal margin
Follows upper limit of diaphragm
5th rib at mid clavicular line
Associated with costodiaphragmatic recess
43
What holds the liver in place?
Peritoneum
44
Which part of the liver is in contact with the diaphragm?
Bare area
45
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate
46
What is the porta hepatis?
Entry and exit point for portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery and autonomics from liver
47
What structures form a H shape on the posterior of the liver?
Ligamentum venosum
Ligamentum teres
Porta hepatis
IVC
Gallbladder
48
Which peritoneal recesses can accumulate fluid / be a focus for abscess formation?
Sub-phrenic space
Hepato-renal space - Morison's pouch
49
What are the functions of the peritoneum?
Facilitate movement between abdominal organs and between organs and the abdominal wall
Produce peritoneal fluid which contains leukocytes and antibodies
50
What is the difference between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs?
Intraperitoneal organs are almost completely covered by peritoneum and suspended by a mesentery whereas retroperitoneal organs are only partially covered by peritoneum
51