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Blood Bank Spring > ABO Blood Groups > Flashcards

ABO Blood Groups Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the biochemistry of ABO blood groups
carbs/receptors for

can be what shapes

A

carbs on outside serve as receptors for macrophages to recognize

can be branchy/straight arranged in a format means its type 2

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2
Q

What type can be on the outside of the cell and be transferrred into ABO ag

A

Type 2 can

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3
Q

Describe the ABO gene
codes for..

A

codes for transferase that adds a sugar to the end of the H subgroup or RBC

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4
Q

What happens if the ABO stop codon is in gene?

A

no transferase is created and no sugar is added, pt is type O

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5
Q

What does A transferase add?

A

N-Acetyl-galactose

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6
Q

What does B transferase add?

A

Galactose

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7
Q

What chromosome is ABO blood groups?

A

Chromosome 9

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8
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+. - +

A

Type A

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9
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
- + +

A

Type B

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10
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+ + +

A

AB type

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11
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
- - -

A

O type

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12
Q

Describe inheritence
If genotype is unknown

A

if the genotype of an offspring is unknown, phenotype expression in offspring give clues

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13
Q

the offspring of a mother who is AB and a father who is B will have what chance of being what type?

A

50% chance of being type B

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14
Q

Describe A/B genes
on same what?

A

co-dominant allels on the same chromosome where O is the recessive trait

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15
Q

Describe medellian %

A

apply to genotypic inheritence of the ABO types
familial inh. map can help guess at genotype using phenotype

Blood types: A,B,AB,O

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16
Q

Describe the US population frequency

A

expressions in different world locations
selection pressures/probably pathogen driven

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17
Q

Describe the greater prevelence of blood types in ethnicities

A

A - north/central europe
B - central asia
O - native americans

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18
Q

What is the most common blood type

A

O

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19
Q

Describe H genes
codes a ….

A

codes a fucosyl transferase that adds a fucose to the outer sugar of a type 1/2 precursor chain

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20
Q

What chromosome are H substances and what is their gene

A

Chromosome 19
Fut gene

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21
Q

T/F the more H substance that is transferrred to an A/B ag, the more detectable it is

A

false, the less detectable it is

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22
Q

List the common blood types with >

A

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

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23
Q

Describe Bombay briefly
absense
still have
can do what but cant do?

A

absense of H ag
still have ABO genes
they can transfer but dont exhibit genes themselves

24
Q

What does Autosomal recessive Bombay mean
what genotype
means what cant be formed?
mutation

A

hh, genotype produces no H ag meaning no ABO ag can be formed on rbc (most likely mutation of FUT1 gene that silences the gene)

25
Q

How do Bombays appear serologically
fail to rxn w?

A

appear as type O, fail to react with Ulex Eruopaeus (H lectin)

26
Q

Briefly describe parabombay phenotypes
rbc devoid…
what mutation
all H ag …

A

rbcs completley devoid of H ag, and still exhibit small amount of A/B ag

FUT1 mutation - fucosyt with low activity

All H ag available is converted to A or B by the normal acting A/B OR FUT2 FUNCTIONS

27
Q

Describe the biochem of H substances
as pt matures
A/B can add..

A

as pt matures, type2 subst can become more branchy

The A/B can add their sugars to any H substance on the cell

28
Q

Describe fewer branching H sub
pt may appear….
subgroup…

A

if fewer branching H sub are transferred to A/B, the pt may appear as a weaker version of the blood type

Subgroup is more common in AB blood group

29
Q

Describe if only one H substance is transferred
pt sees a ….
may appear…

A

the pt sees a transferred other form, it may appear as foreign and ab can form

30
Q

Describe the A1 phenotype

A

dont recognize any version of A as foreign

+ with Anti-A/lectin (branched)

31
Q

Describe the A2 phenotype
+ with = with

A

+ with Anti-A
- w/ Anti-A/Lectin

32
Q

Briefly describe the subgroup A
quant. less….
testing
may make?

A

subgroup people have quant. less Ag converted from H substance
serologic
may make an Ab against the most common
expression of Ag

33
Q

T/F A subgroups are more common than B

A

T

34
Q

A3

A

Mixed field

35
Q

Aend

A

<10% rbcs weak agg

36
Q

Ax

A

weak agg, W/ anti-A,b ONLY

37
Q

Am

A

no agg/ A in saliva

38
Q

Ay

A

no agg/ small A in saliva

39
Q

Ael

A

No agg/ only H sub in saliva

40
Q

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell
+4. +3 0 0 4+

A

A1

41
Q

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell
0 3+ 0 1+ 4+

A

A2

42
Q

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell
0 0 4+ 4+

A

Bombay subgroup

43
Q

Describe B supgroups

A

NO SUCH THING AS B2

B3- mixed rxn
Bx - weak rxn …etc

44
Q

Describe the lectins and what they match up with

A

D. Biflorus - A1
B. simplificolia - B
U. Europaeus - H

45
Q

AB Anomalies
Describe Cis Ab
what on same?
Can pass?
Rare?

A

A and B transferase inherited on same chromosome
can pass AB type w/ O mate
rare splicing anomaly

46
Q

B(A) pt
can do?
vary of?
what anti

A

transferase is able to do both, prefers to transfer galactose
genetic variation of B gene
Polyclonal antiseria

47
Q

Aquired B pt
what group
cancer
what obs
bacteria?
what anti?

A

group A1
cancer of colon/rectum
intestinal obstruction
Gram neg septic
Acidified antisera

48
Q

Aquired B type can be from e.coli how does it do this?

A

via deacetylating enzyme that affects the A sugar

49
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+4 +1 +4

A

A(B)?

50
Q

Why is the ABO system important

A

only system that the reciprocle Ab are consistent and predictable that have never been exposed to other human Ag (babies get them at 4 mos ish)

51
Q

What makes up the forwards type

Reverse?

A

Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-A,B

A1 cells, B cells

52
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+4 0 +4

A1 B cells
0 +4

A

A

53
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
0 +4 +4

A1 B cells
4+ 0

A

B

54
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
0 0 0

A1 B cells
+4 +4

A

O

55
Q

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+4 +4 +4

A1 B cells
0 0

A

AB

Blood Bank Spring (16 decks)

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