ABO Blood Groups

Question 1

Describe the biochemistry of ABO blood groups
carbs/receptors for

can be what shapes

Answer 1

carbs on outside serve as receptors for macrophages to recognize

can be branchy/straight arranged in a format means its type 2

Question 2

What type can be on the outside of the cell and be transferrred into ABO ag

Answer 2

Type 2 can

Question 3

Describe the ABO gene
codes for..

Answer 3

codes for transferase that adds a sugar to the end of the H subgroup or RBC

Question 4

What happens if the ABO stop codon is in gene?

Answer 4

no transferase is created and no sugar is added, pt is type O

Question 5

What does A transferase add?

Answer 5

N-Acetyl-galactose

Question 6

What does B transferase add?

Answer 6

Galactose

Question 7

What chromosome is ABO blood groups?

Answer 7

Chromosome 9

Question 8

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+. - +

Answer 8

Type A

Question 9

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
- + +

Answer 9

Type B

Question 10

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
+ + +

Answer 10

AB type

Question 11

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B
- - -

Answer 11

O type

Question 12

Describe inheritence
If genotype is unknown

Answer 12

if the genotype of an offspring is unknown, phenotype expression in offspring give clues

Question 13

the offspring of a mother who is AB and a father who is B will have what chance of being what type?

Answer 13

50% chance of being type B

Question 14

Describe A/B genes
on same what?

Answer 14

co-dominant allels on the same chromosome where O is the recessive trait

Question 15

Describe medellian %

Answer 15

apply to genotypic inheritence of the ABO types
familial inh. map can help guess at genotype using phenotype

Blood types: A,B,AB,O

Question 16

Describe the US population frequency

Answer 16

expressions in different world locations
selection pressures/probably pathogen driven

Question 17

Describe the greater prevelence of blood types in ethnicities

Answer 17

A - north/central europe
B - central asia
O - native americans

Question 18

What is the most common blood type

Answer 18

O

Question 19

Describe H genes
codes a ….

Answer 19

codes a fucosyl transferase that adds a fucose to the outer sugar of a type 1/2 precursor chain

Question 20

What chromosome are H substances and what is their gene

Answer 20

Chromosome 19
Fut gene

Question 21

T/F the more H substance that is transferrred to an A/B ag, the more detectable it is

Answer 21

false, the less detectable it is

Question 22

List the common blood types with >

Answer 22

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

Question 23

Describe Bombay briefly
absense
still have
can do what but cant do?

Answer 23

absense of H ag
still have ABO genes
they can transfer but dont exhibit genes themselves

Question 24

What does Autosomal recessive Bombay mean
what genotype
means what cant be formed?
mutation

Answer 24

hh, genotype produces no H ag meaning no ABO ag can be formed on rbc (most likely mutation of FUT1 gene that silences the gene)

Question 25

How do Bombays appear serologically fail to rxn w?

Answer 25

appear as type O, fail to react with Ulex Eruopaeus (H lectin)

Question 26

Briefly describe parabombay phenotypes rbc devoid... what mutation all H ag ...

Answer 26

rbcs completley devoid of H ag, and still exhibit small amount of A/B ag FUT1 mutation - fucosyt with low activity All H ag available is converted to A or B by the normal acting A/B OR FUT2 FUNCTIONS

Question 27

Describe the biochem of H substances as pt matures A/B can add..

Answer 27

as pt matures, type2 subst can become more branchy The A/B can add their sugars to any H substance on the cell

Question 28

Describe fewer branching H sub pt may appear.... subgroup...

Answer 28

if fewer branching H sub are transferred to A/B, the pt may appear as a weaker version of the blood type Subgroup is more common in AB blood group

Question 29

Describe if only one H substance is transferred pt sees a .... may appear...

Answer 29

the pt sees a transferred other form, it may appear as foreign and ab can form

Question 30

Describe the A1 phenotype

Answer 30

dont recognize any version of A as foreign + with Anti-A/lectin (branched)

Question 31

Describe the A2 phenotype + with = with

Answer 31

+ with Anti-A - w/ Anti-A/Lectin

Question 32

Briefly describe the subgroup A quant. less.... testing may make?

Answer 32

subgroup people have quant. less Ag converted from H substance serologic may make an Ab against the most common expression of Ag

Question 33

T/F A subgroups are more common than B

Answer 33

T

Question 34

A3

Answer 34

Mixed field

Question 35

Aend

Answer 35

<10% rbcs weak agg

Question 36

Ax

Answer 36

weak agg, W/ anti-A,b ONLY

Question 37

Am

Answer 37

no agg/ A in saliva

Question 38

Ay

Answer 38

no agg/ small A in saliva

Question 39

Ael

Answer 39

No agg/ only H sub in saliva

Question 40

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell +4. +3 0 0 4+

Answer 40

A1

Question 41

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell 0 3+ 0 1+ 4+

Answer 41

A2

Question 42

A1 Anti-A Anti-B. A1 cell B cell 0 0 4+ 4+

Answer 42

Bombay subgroup

Question 43

Describe B supgroups

Answer 43

NO SUCH THING AS B2 B3- mixed rxn Bx - weak rxn ...etc

Question 44

Describe the lectins and what they match up with

Answer 44

D. Biflorus - A1 B. simplificolia - B U. Europaeus - H

Question 45

AB Anomalies Describe Cis Ab what on same? Can pass? Rare?

Answer 45

A and B transferase inherited on same chromosome can pass AB type w/ O mate rare splicing anomaly

Question 46

B(A) pt can do? vary of? what anti

Answer 46

transferase is able to do both, prefers to transfer galactose genetic variation of B gene Polyclonal antiseria

Question 47

Aquired B pt what group cancer what obs bacteria? what anti?

Answer 47

group A1 cancer of colon/rectum intestinal obstruction Gram neg septic Acidified antisera

Question 48

Aquired B type can be from e.coli how does it do this?

Answer 48

via deacetylating enzyme that affects the A sugar

Question 49

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B +4 +1 +4

Answer 49

A(B)?

Question 50

Why is the ABO system important

Answer 50

only system that the reciprocle Ab are consistent and predictable that have never been exposed to other human Ag (babies get them at 4 mos ish)

Question 51

What makes up the forwards type Reverse?

Answer 51

Anti-A, Anti-B, Anti-A,B A1 cells, B cells

Question 52

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B +4 0 +4 A1 B cells 0 +4

Answer 52

A

Question 53

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B 0 +4 +4 A1 B cells 4+ 0

Answer 53

B

Question 54

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B 0 0 0 A1 B cells +4 +4

Answer 54

O

Question 55

Anti-A Anti-B. Anti-A,B +4 +4 +4 A1 B cells 0 0

Answer 55

AB