Name the 2 sets of teeth that one develops by the age of 21. (2)
- Deciduous
2. Permanent
How many teeth are in a full set of permanent teeth?
32
How are teeth classified and what are the classifications called? (5)
- By shape and function
- Incisors
- Canines
- Premolars
- Molars
How many pairs of salivary glands do we have?
3 pairs
Name the 3 types of salivary glands. (3)
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular glands
- Sublingual glands
Where do salivary glands empty their secretions?
Into the floor of the mouth through tiny duts
What is saliva composed of? (2)
- Mucus
2. Serous fluids
List 4 functions/features of saliva. (4)
- Clear serous portion contains an enzyme (salivary amylase) in a bicarbonate-rich (alkaline) juice that begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth
- Substances such as lysozymes and antibodies (IgA) that inhibit bacteria
- Saliva dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
- Mucus moistens and helps food bind together into a mass called a bolus
What is special about the pancreas?
It is the only organ which produces enzymes that breaks down ALL categories of digestable foods
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
Produce the hormones insulin and glucagon
How is the chyme neutralized?
By the alkaline fluid (filled with enzymes) secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas
What is the largest gland in the body?
The liver
How many lobes does the liver have?
4 lobes
Define: falcoform ligament
Delicate mesentery cord attached to the diaphragm and abdominal wall by which the liver is suspended from
What does the liver produce in relation to the digestive system?
Bile
Describe bile and list its components. (7)
- Yellow-green
- Watery
- Bile salts
- Bile pigments
- Cholesterol
- Phospholipids
- Electrolytes
Which components of bile aid in digest? (2)
- Bile salts
2. Phospholipids
How is bile concentrated?
By the removal of water
What prods the gallbladder into releasing stored bile?
Hormonal stimulus when fatty foods move into the duodenum
Where is bile created and where is it stored? (2)
- Created in the liver
2. Stored in the gallbladder
What are gallstones formed by?
Crystalized cholesterol from when the bile is stored in the gallbladder for too long or if too much water is removed