Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Metabolic Alkalosis

• Path
• Eti

Answer 1

• P: Gain of Bicarb or Loss of H+

- Eti: Antacids, Vomiting, Hyperaldosteronism, Diuretics

Question 2

Metabolic Acidosis

• Path
• Eti

Answer 2

• P: Loos of Bicarb or Gain of H+

- Eti: Diabetes, Acute Diarrhea, Type I RTA, Type II RTA

Question 3

Which of the following is the disease of a patient with pH 7.29, Pco234 and HCO3 14 mEq/L?

a. respiratory acidosis
b. metabolic acidosis
c. respiratory alkalosis
d. metabolic alkalosis

Answer 3

b.metabolic acidosis

Question 4

A patient has low arterial pressure, reduced tissue turgor and the following ABG’s: pH 7.57, [HCO3] 47 mEq/l, pCO248 mm Hg. Which of the following is the expected diagnosis?

a. respiratory alkalosis without compensation
b. respiratory alkalosis with compensation
c. metabolic alkalosis without compensation
d. metabolic alkalosis with compensation

Answer 4

d.metabolic alkalosis with compensation

Question 5

Bicarbonate in Proximal vs Distal Tubule

Answer 5

Proximal: Majority of H+ excretion + Bicarb reabsoprtion

Distal: Generation of new Bicarb

Question 6

RTAs

Answer 6

Type I: Alpha intercalated Cell damage; autoimmune; stal, hypokalemic

Type II: Proximal tubule dmg/fanconi; proximal Kypokalemic

Type III: Mixed Type 1 + II

Type IV: Distal Hyperkalemicl Hypoaldosteronism

Question 7

Normal Anion Gap

Answer 7

8-16 mEq/L

Question 8

High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 8

GOLD MARK
Glycols
Oxoproline
L-Lactate
D-Lactate
MEthanol
Aspirin
RUF
Ketones

Question 9

Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 9

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis