acid base clinical approach Flashcards
(23 cards)
1kPa = ?
7.5 mmHg
where are acids and bases excreted
lung and kidneys
what is normal pO2
12-13 kPa
what is normal pCO2
4.5-5.6 kPa
what is normal bicarbonate
22-26 mmol/l
what is the difference between actual and standard bicarbonate
actual is the conc of bicarbonate
standard assumes that some bicarbonate is in the form of carbonic acid
assumes 37 degrees and PaCO2 of 5.3
what are the adverse affects of high O2 levels
blindness in premies mortality in cardiac arrest, ICU pts, acute severe asthma atelactesis free radicals hypercapnic resp failure
O2 is to treat hypoxia not dyspnoea
what conditions would you treat with high flow 02
pneumothorax
CO poisoning
arterial PO2 is normally ___ fiO2
2/3
what is a healthy P/F ratio
> 50
what P/F ration constitutes ARDS
26.7
what is a normal FEV1/FVC ratio
> 0.7
what does fvc mean
exhales as hard and as long as possible
name 4 obstructive lung diseases
asthma copd bronchiectasis CF
will FVC and TLCO be the same in asthma
yes
will be increased in COPD
what are non pharma treatments for asthma
healthy weight
breathing exercises
stop smoking
what is a genetic cause of COPD
alpha 1 antitrypsin (inhibited by elastase)
what are the features of COPD
fibrosis, inflammation hypertrophy of mucus glands lost of elastic parenchymal lung fibres cough and sputum increased SOB
what causes bloating in COPD
right heart failure
what is the MRC breathlessness scale
grade 1-5
5- breathless when dressing
when will pts be offered domiciliary O2 therapy
PaO2 7.3-8
what pf indicates acute lung injury
less than 40
if ph and co2 are moving in opposite directions then the problem is probably …
respiratory
