Acid/Base Disorders Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Acid/Base Disorders Deck (31)
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1
Q

Metabolic disorder

A

disorder caused primarily through alterations in bicarbonate

2
Q

Respiratory disorder

A

disorder caused primarily through alterations in carbon dioxide

3
Q

What are the responsible parties in metabolic disorders; respiratory

A

kidneys; lungs

4
Q

hyperventilation causes what change in pH

A

increase/ alkalosis: more loss of carbon dioxide (the acid portion)

5
Q

What is the acid compound; base compound

A

PaCO2; HCO3

6
Q

In respiratory compensation how does it occur, how many phases are there and how quickly is it

A

changes in breathing, one phase, minutes to hours

7
Q

In metabolic compensation how many phases, what are they, are there, how long are the phases

A

two phases: acute and chronic, 24 hours and 72 hours. There can be a period where this no compensation before 24 hours.

8
Q

What are the three most important aterial blood gas components and serum chemistry panel, what are the normal values

A

pH,PaCO2,HCO3; 7.4, 40, 24

9
Q

High PaCO2 causes

A

Respiratory acidosis

10
Q

Low PaCO2 causes

A

Respiratory alkalosis

11
Q

High HCO3 causes

A

Metabolic alkalosis

12
Q

Low HCO3 causes

A

Metabolic acidosis

13
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Excess acid production, loss of bicarbonate base,diminished renal acid secretion,renal loss of bicarbonate base

14
Q

What causes excess acid production Hint(Mudpiles) also known as high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, paraldehyde/propylene glycol, isoniazid, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates

15
Q

What does winter’s formula give

A

What the PaCO2 value should be if there is compensation present

16
Q

If winter’s formula is used and the measured PCO2 is higher than the predicted value what does this mean

A

Concurrent respiratory acidosis

17
Q

If Winter’s formula is used the measured PCO2 is lower than the predicated value what does this mean

A

Concurrent respiratory alkalosis

18
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis

A

The patient cannot breathe or will not breathe, increased dead space (alveolar deadspace)

19
Q

In acute metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis what should be the predicted values

A

for every increase by 10 of PCO2 there should be +1 HCO3

20
Q

In chronic metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis what should be the predicted values

A

for every increase by 10 of PCO2 there should be +3 HCO3

21
Q

If the measured HCO3 is lower than predicted in metabolic compensation what does this mean

A

There is concurrent metabolic acidosis OR no compensation

22
Q

If the measured HCO3 is higher than predicted in metabolic compensation what does this mean

A

There is concurrent metabolic alkalosis

23
Q

What causes Metabolic alkalois

A

Hydrogen ion loss, Excessive retention of HCO3, loss of volume contraction around a relatively stable amount of HCO3

24
Q

In respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis what does it mean if the PaCO2 is less than predicted, more than predicted

A

concurrent respiratory alkalosis, concurrent respiratory acidosis

25
Q

What cause respiratory alkalosis

A

anxiety, pain, high altitudes, intoxications

26
Q

In the acute phase for metabolic compensation of respiratory alkalosis what should the value be

A

For every decrease by 10 of PaCO2 there should be a decrease of HCO3 by -2

27
Q

In the chronic phase for metabolic compensation of respiratory alkalosis what should the value be

A

For every decrease by 10 of PaCO2 there should be a decrease of HCO3 by -4

28
Q

In metabolic compensation for respiratory alkalosis what does it mean if the measured value HCO3 is less than expected

A

concurrent metabolic acidosis

29
Q

in metabolic compensation for respiratory alkalosis what does it mean if the measured value HCO3 is more than expected

A

concurrent metabolic alkalosis OR not yet compensated

30
Q

What is the 5 step approach to figuring out acid-base disorders

A

1) Check the contributors
2) Check to see the type of emia
3) Check to see if the blame is respiratory
4) See if there is a metabolic component
5) Check to see if there is compensation

31
Q

Delta Ratio meanings

A

If the Delta ratio= 1 the change in anion gap is due to HCO3, if the delta ratio is greater than 1.6 there is concurrent metabolic alkalosis. if the delta ratio is less than .8 there is concurrent non-anion gap metabolic acidosis