ACP Questions #2 Flashcards
Viral cause of dendritic corneal lesions
Herpes simplex
Disease associated with blue sclerae
Osteogenesis imperfecta (accept iron deficiency anemia)
Medical term for finding at the margin of the cornea
Look up picture of Ciliary flush
Medical term for finding in the anterior chamber below the pupil
Look up picture of Hypopyon
Term that describes vision abnormality characterized by wavy and distorted lines
Metamorphopsia
Neuraminidase inhibitor that may cause bronchospasm
Zanamivir
Antibiotic for UTI associated with hyperkalemia and elevated serum creatinine in absence of renal failure
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (accept trimethoprim)
Vasopressin-receptor antagonist used to treat SIADH secretion
Conivaptan or tolvapatan (either)
Anti-tuberculosis drug that reduces blood level of oral contraceptives
Rifampin
Sunitinib and sorafenib inhibit this enzyme
Tyrosine kinase
Dental finding associated with bulimia
Enamel erosions
Eponym for respiratory pattern associated with metabolic acidosis
Kussmaul respiration
Name of sign describing inability to maintain a fixed posture associated with cirrhosis
Asterixis
Eponym for reflexively flexing knees and hips in response to passive flexion of the neck
Brudzinski sign
Device used to measure degree of exophthalmos
Exophthalmometer
An anaerobic gram-positive rod that produces two toxins causing mucosal damage
Clostridium difficile
Most common form of naturally occurring anthrax
Cutaneous anthrax
Treatment for severe parvovirus B19 infection in HIV patient
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Most common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis in USA
Herpes encephalitis
Diagnosis consistent with CNS lesions that are dissemination in time and space
Multiple sclerosis
Antihypertensive drug class that reduces risk of second stroke regardless of blood pressure
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor
Dementia associated with prominent disinhibition and personality change
Frontotemporal dementia
The most common hereditary ataxia
Friedreich ataxia
Serum marker for vasoactive intestinal peptide tumor
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Syndrome associated with rapid cell lysis, elevated uric acid, potassium, and phosphorus levels
Tumor lysis syndrome
Anatomical location of most carcinoid tumors
Ileum (accept small bowel)
Genetic mutation associated with MEN 2A
RET proto-oncogene (accept RET)
B Vitamin deficiency associated with carcinoid syndrome
Niacin (accept B3 or nicotinic acid)
The hallmark microscopic finding of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Red cell fragmentation (accept schistocytes)
The most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Best screening test for factor V Leiden gene mutation
Protein C resistance
Anemia associated with increased sensitivity to complement binding
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Clotting factor deficiency most commonly associated with AL amyloidosis
Factor X
Developer of the Mini Mental State Exam
Folstein
First to describe breath sounds by auscultation
Laennec
Translation of belladonna
Beautiful lady (accept beautiful woman)
Term used to describe fever disappearing gradually with resolution of disease
Lysis
The “jennerian take” refers to this once common vaccination
Smallpox
Definitive diagnostic test to evaluate persistent, non-nephrotic proteinuria
Kidney biopsy
Antibody associated with Goodpasture syndrome
Anti-basement membrane antibody
Most likely diagnosis associated with acute renal injury, anemia and low-anion gap
Myeloma kidney (accept multiple myeloma)
Proteus mirabilis infection is associated with this type of crystal
Struvite (accept triple phosphate)
Syndrome of hyponatremia and hypovolemia associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome
Diagnosis associated with sentinel loop sign and colon cutoff sign
Acute pancreatitis
Best test to confirm current hepatitis C infection
HCV RNA level
Nutrition strategy for necrotizing pancreatitis that results in decreased infections
Enteral feedings
Biliary complication associated with AIDS
Sclerosing cholangiopathy
Cause of fever, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and colitis in transplant recipient
CMV infection
Domesticated animal bite associated with greatest risk of rabies in US
Cat
Indicated treatment for early localized Lyme disease during pregnancy
Amoxicillin
Diagnosis for trismus, unilateral tonsillar swelling, and uvula deviation
Peritonsillar abscess
Usual initial drug therapy for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
Corticosteroids (accept prednisone)
Eponym for pulmonary nodules associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Caplan syndrome
Name for episodes of muscle extreme weakness in response to emotion
Cataplexy
Diagnosis for a subacute illness, eosinophilia and peripheral pulmonary infiltrates
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (must be “chronic” eosinophilic pneumonia)
Histological changes associated with beryllium exposure
Noncaseating granuloma
Device that reduces mortality in patients with cardiomyopathy and low ejection fraction
ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator)
Characteristic second heart sound finding associated with atrial septal defect
Fixed splitting of S2
Phlebotomy improves heart failure associated with this metabolic disease
Hemochromatosis
Substitute for ACE inhibitor to treat heart failure during pregnancy
Hydralazine (accept hydralazine and nitrates)
Presumptive diagnosis for acute monoarthritis in a sexually active young adult
Disseminated gonococcal infection
Eponym applied to a painless nodule in the palmar aponeurosis
Dupuytren contracture
Cystic structure on wrist
Ganglion
Vasculitis associated with microaneurysms within the renal vasculature
Polyarteritis nodosa
Category of scleroderma most commonly associated with anti-Scl-70 antibodies
Diffuse cutaneous systemic scleroderma (accept diffuse scleroderma)
Most likely finding on brain imaging that contradicts use of thrombolytic therapy
Hemorrhage (accept bleeding, blood)
Syndromic diagnosis for this rash and ipsilateral facial paralysis
Ramsay Hunt syndrome (accept herpes zoster oticus)
Dementing syndrome with parkinsonism and hallucinations
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Primary brain tumor that disappears following corticosteroid therapy
Lymphoma
Syndrome of quadriplegia, paralysis of horizontal eye movements and bulbar muscles
Locked in syndrome
Eponym for pupils that fail to react to light but react to accommodation
Argyll Robinson pupil
Part of the macula that is the point of visual fixation
Fovea
Hallmark sign of early age-related macular degeneration
Drusen
Most likely organism causing this conjunctivitis [purulent]
N. gonorrhea
Proliferation of opaque fibrovascular conjunctival tissue medial to iris
Pterygium
Hematological complication of severe sleep apnea
Polycythemia (accept erythrocytosis)
Non-drug treatment to prevent post-phlebitic syndrome
Compression stockings
Syndrome of granulomatous vasculitis, asthma, eosinophilia, and fleeting pulmonary infiltrates
Churg-Strauss
Name given to pneumothorax associated with menstruation
Catamenial pneumothorax
Eponym for acute interstitial pneumonia
Hamman-Rich syndrome
Initial symptom of Rockey Mountain Spotted Fever
Fever
Measurement criterion for a positive PPD in injection drug users
≥ 10 mm
Infection associated with “sulfur granules” in draining sinuses
Actinomycosis
Name of this rash caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum
Erythrasma
A gram-negative infection in HIV patients that mimics Kaposi sarcoma
Bacillary angiomatosis (accept organism, Bartonella)
Most sensitive dipstick screening test for UTI
Leukocyte esterase
A potent intrinsic inhibitor of urine stone formation
Citrate
Adrenal cause of euvolemic hypoosmolality
Addision disease (accept hypocortisolism)
Name of acute kidney injury associated with a colonoscopy bowel preparation
Acute phosphate nephropathy
Acronym for syndrome of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin manifestations
POEMS syndrome
Most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome
Lung cancer
Cancer syndrome characterized by thousands of colonic polyps
Familial adenomatous polyposis
Cancer associated with new onset left sided varicocele and hydrocele
Renal cell carcinoma
Second most common cancer associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Endometrial (accept uterine)
Medical term for accentuated inspiratory fall in systolic pressure
Pulsus paradoxus
Maternal antibodies associated with neonatal congenital heart block
anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB (either antibody and either name for antibody)
Most common reperfusion arrhythmia associated with thrombolytic therapy
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
Two drugs for “pill-in-the-pocket” treatment of atrial fibrillation
Flecainide and propafenone (name both)
Collective name for the malleus, incus, and stapes
The ossicles
Best physical examination test to rule out hearing loss
Whispered voice test
Tuning fork frequency recommended for Weber test
512 Hz
Vascular condition responsible for Lemierre syndrome
Internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis (accept jugular vein thrombophlebitis)
Clotting disorder characteristically associated with menorrhagia
von Willebrand disease
Mineral supplement that reduces PMS symptoms
Calcium
Eponym for an erythematous vulvar plaque that has a cancer association
Extramammary Paget disease (accept Paget disease)
Most common symptom of achalasia
Dysphagia
Most likely GERD-related esophageal diagnosis
Barrett esophagus [google picture]
Liver disease most closely associated with anti-LKM antibody
Autoimmune hepatitis
Diagnosis for diastase resistant, PAS-staining foamy macrophages and villous atrophy
Whipple disease
Factor that carries factor VIII in the circulation
von Willebrand factor
Four vitamin K dependent coagulation factors
II, VII, IX, and X (name all)
Intervention that decreases recurrent stroke in sickle cell disease
Exchange transfusion
Cause of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly in myelofibrosis (myeloid metaplasia)
Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Prescription that prolongs life in hypoxic COPD
Supplemental oxygen
Severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency is a risk factor for this non-malignant liver disease
Cirrhosis
Classification of asthma that recurs 2 days/week or nocturnal symptoms twice/month
Mild persistent asthma
Stage of sleep during which hypoventilation is most prominent
REM (accept rapid eye movement)
Best test to differentiate sleep apnea from obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Daytime (awake) ABG (accept PCO2)
MI location most commonly associated with papillary muscle rupture
Inferior wall
Mechanism responsible for the pacemaker syndrome
Atrioventricular dyssynchrony (accept dyssynchrony)
The most common symptom of scabies
Itching
Common drug that exacerbates chronic idiopathic urticaria
Aspirin (accept NSAIDs)
Topical drug treatment for superficial basal cell carcinoma
Imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil (either acceptable)
Most frequent side-effect of isotretinoin
Dry lips and eyes (accept dry skin)
Anatomical location of pancreatic cancer associated with obstructive jaundice
Head of pancreas
Second most common cause of cancer death in the U.S.
Colorectal cancer
Surgical intervention associated with increased risk of renal cancer
Renal transplantation
Stage classification for a patient with small-cell lung cancer involving both lungs
Extensive (accept stage IV)
A tripartite benign tumor composed of blood vessel, muscle, and fat elements
Angiomyolipoma (accept hamartoma)
Device that prevents 50% of unintentional carbon monoxide poisonings
Carbon monoxide detector
Time after acetaminophen overdose when aminotransferase levels become elevated
36 hours (accept any answer within 24 to 72 hours range)
Cause of bright red venous blood due to mitochondria poisoning
Hydrogen cyanide
Acute metal exposure associated with abdominal colic, headache, and fatigue
Lead
Stimulation of this parasympathetic receptor produces salivation, bronchorrhea, and bronchospasm
Muscarinic
Syndrome characterized by BMI >35 and PCO2 >45 torr
Obesity hypoventilation (Pickwickian)
Look up picture of…
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (accept hilar lymphadenopathy)
Position that relieves platypnea
Lying flat
Disease characterized by arthritis, carditis and erythema marginatum
Rheumatic fever
Syndrome of purpura, arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, and hepatitis C infection
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (accept cryoglobulinemia)
Schober test is associated with this condition
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatoid arthritis complication producing pain in the arms, hyperreflexia, and hypertonia
Atlantoaxial subluxation (accept AAS or cervical spine disease)
Next test for high probability subarachnoid hemorrhage but normal CT
Lumbar puncture
Cause of painless weakness, muscle atrophy, and upper and lower motor neuron signs
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Syndrome manifested by motor function limited to blinking or moving eyes vertically
Locked-in syndrome
Type of weight loss diet that can worsen symptoms of patients treated for Parkinson’s disease
High protein
Neurological term that describes inability to correctly draw a clock face
Constructional apraxia
Most useful diagnostic test for superior vena cava syndrome
Contrast CT
Most common cancer causing palpable gall bladder and jaundice
Pancreatic cancer
Predictive score derived by summing the two most prevalent histological grades of prostate adenocarcinoma
Gleason score
Complication associated with bisphosphonate infusion
Osteonecrosis of jaw
Inherited syndrome of breast cancer, brain tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and leukemia
Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Look up picture of..
Kyphoscoliosis
Name for fever that exacerbates every 48 hours
Tertian fever
Condition associated with Austin-Flint murmur
Aortic regurgitation
Name of test that measures tear production
Schirmer’s test
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the U.S.
Gallstones
Diagnostic test of choice for Zenker diverticulum
Barium swallow
Non-malignant diagnosis associated with dysphagia for solids and liquids and regurgitation
Achalasia
Enzyme deficiency in Gilbert syndrome
Glucuronosyltransferase
Gene mutation associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
APC gene
Look up bone marrow picture of..
Aplastic anemia
Look up picture of for thrombocytopenia
Platelet clumping (accept pseudothrombocytopenia)
Name the most common anatomical site for occurrence of warfarin skin necrosis
Limbs and breasts (accept either answer)
Treatment for ITP that is used only in Rh(+) patients
Anti-Rho(D)
A metalloproteinase that cleaves large multimers of von Willebrand factor
ADAMTS 13
Diagnostic test of choice for Zenker diverticulum
Barium swallow
Non-malignant diagnosis associated with dysphagia for solids and liquids and regurgitation
Achalasia
Enzyme deficiency in Gilbert syndrome
Glucuronosyltransferase
Gene mutation associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
APC gene
Look up bone marrow picture of..
Aplastic anemia
Look up picture of for thrombocytopenia
Platelet clumping (accept pseudothrombocytopenia)
Name the most common anatomical site for occurrence of warfarin skin necrosis
Limbs and breasts (accept either answer)
Treatment for ITP that is used only in Rh(+) patients
Anti-Rho(D)
A metalloproteinase that cleaves large multimers of von Willebrand factor
ADAMTS 13
Common drug poisoning responsible for aminotransferase levels >5000 U/L
Tylenol toxicity
Diagnosis associated with anion gap acidosis, osmolar gap, and urinary calcium oxalate crystals
Ethylene glycol poisoning
Gas poisoning associated with flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages
Carbon monoxide
Alcohol poisoning associated with increased osmolar gap but a normal anion gap
Isopropyl alcohol
Fish responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning
Groupers, parrot fish, snappers, mackerel, moray eels, and barracudas (name only 1)
Type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with IgE antibody and allergen
Type I hypersensitivity
Diagnosis for fever, adenopathy, and arthralgias following drug exposure
Serum sickness
Intravenous epinephrine concentration used for anaphylactic shock
1:10,000
Disease associated with Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
Syphilis
Type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with contact dermatitis
Type IV hypersensitivity
Mental health disorder associated with increased risk for recurrent hospitalization after MI
Depression
Disorder associated with nightmares, flashbacks, or intrusive memories
Posttraumatic stress disorder
Common sexual complication associated with SSRI therapy
Anorgasmia
Condition characterized by excessive worry on most days for at least 6 months
Generalized anxiety disorder (accept anxiety)
Drug used in treatment of alcohol-dependent patients that are still drinking
Naltrexone
Clinical features of B12 deficiency can be acutely precipitated by this anesthetic agent
Nitrous oxide
Mechanism by which Graves disease causes blindness
Compression of optic nerve
Cause of giant papillary conjunctivitis
Allergy
Eponym applied to pupil that has an afferent pupillary defect
Marcus Gunn pupil
Systemic disease with highest prevalence of anterior uveitis
Behçet’s disease
Blocks peripheral metabolism of levodopa
Carbidopa
A common antibiotic that increases serum creatinine without altering GFR
Trimethoprim (accept Bactrim or Septra or TMP)
Antiemetic that is now used for immunosuppressant properties
Thalidomide
Drug is a direct renin inhibitor
Aliskiren
Diagnosis for respiratory distress following removal of a central venous catheter
Venous air embolism (accept air embolism)
Time after radiation therapy that radiation pneumonitis is most likely to become symptomatic
1 to 3 months (any answer within range)
Radiographic hallmark of asbestos exposure
Calcified pleural plaques and diaphragmatic plaques (accept either or both answers)
Altitude sickness characterized by mental status changes and ataxia
High altitude cerebral edema (accept HACE or cerebral edema)
Cause of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain at beginning of menstruation
Catamenial pneumothorax (accept endometriosis or pleural endometriosis)
Recommended vitamin supplementation for any chronic hemolytic anemia
Folic acid
Cause of physiological anemia associated with normal pregnancy
Increased plasma volume
Red blood cell membrane receptor for human parvovirus 19
P antigen receptor
STD characterized by painful, exudative genital ulcer and painful regional lymphadenopathy
Chancroid
Cause of all clinical variants of Kaposi sarcoma
Human herpesvirus-8 (or Kaposi’s sarcoma herpes virus, or KSHV)
Classical bacterial cause of cellulitis after sea water exposure
Vibrio vulnificus
The incubation period for smallpox
12 to 17 days (accept any value within range)
Implication of new first degree heart block associated with aortic valve endocarditis
Abscess of annular ring
Most likely infectious cause of Bell palsy
Herpes simplex
Asymmetric arm swing is an early physical finding of this movement disorder
Parkinson’s disease
Initial multiple sclerosis disease pattern for most patients
Relapsing-remitting
Cause of loss of feeling of the lateral thigh.
Meralgia paresthesia (accept lateral femoral cutaneous nerve syndrome)
Class of drug that worsens aortic regurgitation by prolonging diastole
β-blocker
INR target to reduce stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
2-3
Echocardiographic mitral valve finding associated with acute aortic regurgitation
Early closure of the mitral valve
Implication of new first degree heart block associated with aortic valve endocarditis
Abscess of annular ring
Term for age-related hearing loss
Presbycusis
