Molecular formula of caffeine
C8H10N4O2
Other names of caffeine
- Guaranine
- Methyltheobromine
- 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine
- Theine
IUPAC name of caffeine
1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione
Density of caffeine
1.23 g/cm3
Boiling point of caffeine
178*C
Melting point of caffeine
235*C
Taste of caffeine
Bitter
Odor of caffeine
Odorless
Biological action of caffeine
- Cardiac stimulation
- Respiratory stimulation
- Diuretic effect
Classification of caffeine
CNS stimulant
Uses of caffeine
- Mild CNS stimulant
2. Headache, in combination of ergotamine tartrate
Color of DCM
Colorless
Melting point of DCM
96.7*C
Boiling point of DCM
39.6*C
Density of DCM
1.3266 g/cm3
Molecular formula of DCM
CH2Cl2
Other names of dichloromethane
- DCM
- Methylene chloride
- Methylene dichloride
- Solmethine
- Narkotil
- Solaesthin
Uses of dichloromethane
- As a paint stripper and a degreaser
- In foods, used to decaffeinate coffee and tea as well as to prepare extracts of hops and other flavorings.
- As an aerosol spray propellant
- As a blowing agent for polyurethane foams
Color of sodium sulfate
White
Odor of sodium sulfate
Odorless
Melting point of sodium sulfate
32.38*C
Boiling point of sodium sulfate
1.429*C
Density of sodium sulfate
2.664 g/cm3
Solubility of sodium sulfate in ethanol
Insoluble
Solubility of sodium sulfate in glycerol and hydrogen iodide
Soluble
Molecular formula of sodium sulfate
Na2SO4
Other names of sodium sulfate
- Sulfuric acid disodium salt
- Glauber’s salt
- Disodium sulfate
- Thenardite
- Sol mirabilis
- Mirabilite
Uses of sodium sulfate
- Manufacture of detergents
- Used in kraft process of paper pulping
- Orally, an effective saline laxative
Color of sodium carbonate
White
Odor of sodium carbonate
Odorless
Taste of sodium carbonate
Strong alkaline taste
Melting point of sodium carbonate
34*C
Density of sodium carbonate
2.54 g/cm3
Solubility of sodium carbonate in alcohol
Insoluble
Molecular formula of sodium carbonate
Na2CO3
Other names of sodium carbonate
- Washing soda
- Soda ash
- Soda crystals
- Disodium carbonate
Uses of sodium carbonate
- Used in the manufacture of glass
- Used as a strong base
- Used as a pharmaceutical aid used as an alkalizing agent
- Used as a water softener and helps laundry detergents to lather more effectively, particularly when the water in which the laundry is being washed is hard.
- Used as an additive swimming pools to neutralize the corrosive effects of chlorine and raise the pH
- Used as a primary standard for acid-base titrations because it is solid and air stable, making it easy to weigh accurately.
White crystalline powder or glistening needles
Caffeine
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in _________ of water
50 ml
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in __________ water at 80*C
6 ml
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in __________ alcohol
75 ml
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in __________ alcohol at 60*C
25 ml
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in __________ chloroform
6 ml
1 gram of caffeine dissolves in __________ ether
600 ml
Caffeine is a naturally occurring __________ derivative.
Xanthine
Due to the structural similarity to __________, caffeine binds to and blocks __________ receptors, thereby preventing the inhibitory effects of __________ on nerve cells.
Adenosine
Caffeine leads to stimulation of medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers in the brain; and the release of __________.
Epinephrine
Other substances found in tea leaves:
- Cellulose
2. Tannins
Toxic dose of caffeine for adults
5-10 g
Toxic dose of caffeine for children
3 g
Solvent used in extraction of caffeine
Dichloromethane
Colorless liquid (volatile)
Dichloromethane
Odor of dichloromethane
Sweet aroma
Miscibility of dichloromethane with water
Immiscible
Miscibility of dichloromethane in acetate, alcohol, benzene, ether, CHCl3
Miscible
Natural sources of dichloromethane
- Volcanoes
- Oceanic sources
- Macro-algae
Drying agent used in extraction of caffeine
Sodium sulfate
White crystalline solid
Sodium sulfate
1 gram of sodium sulfate dissolves in __________ water
1.5 ml
White powder (hygroscopic)
Sodium carbonate
1 gram of sodium carbonate dissolves in __________ water
3 ml
1 gram of sodium carbonate dissolves in __________ boiling water
1.8 ml