Acute Complications Flashcards Preview

PHM 602- Diabetes > Acute Complications > Flashcards

Flashcards in Acute Complications Deck (14)
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1
Q

What are acute complications of DM?

A

Hypo and hyperglycemia

2
Q

Hypoglycemia BG

A

<70mg/dl

3
Q

Signs and symptoms of Stage 1 hypoglycemia

A

(This is not an all-inclusive list)

nervousness, anxiety, hunger, tremors, nausea, irritability, pallor, diaphoresis, tachycardia

4
Q

Signs and symptoms of Stage 2 hypoglycemia

A

sudden fatigue, weakness, confusion, amnesia, aphasia, seizures, coma, death

5
Q

Treatment of hypoglycemia

A

Rule of 15, glucagon

6
Q

Rule of 15

A

Check BG to make sure it’s hypoglycemia

Eat a 15-gram carb load of fast-acting sugar (juice, soda, candy)

Check BG again after 15 minutes

Follow-up with a more substantial snack with carbs, protein, and fat

7
Q

When is glucagon used?

A

Used in severe hypoglycemia

8
Q

Glucagon dosing

A

1mg IV, IM, SQ, NS

IV has the fastest onset of action

9
Q

Glucagon side effects

A

N/V

10
Q

Glucagon counseling points

A

Make sure the patient’s family members, friends, and anyone else who’s in frequent contact with them knows how to mix and administer it properly

11
Q

Hyperglycemia BG

A

> 250mg/dl

12
Q

Signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia

A

Weakness, malaise, visual changes, polyuria, nocturia, polyphagia, weight loss

13
Q

Home management of hyperglycemia

A
Monitor BG frequently
Insulin (if available)
Hydration
Rest
Exercise
14
Q

Severe hyperglycemia can present as…

A
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)