Acute Renal Failure Flashcards
What are the three classes of causes of AKI?
Pre renal
Intrinsic
Post renal
What is the pathology of the pre renal causes?
Hypoperfusion of kidney tissue
What causes are there of pre renal AKI?
Sepsis
Hypovolaemia
Cardiac failure
Hypertensive medication
What is the pathology of intrinsic causes?
Damage to renal parenchyma
What are the causes of intrinsic AKI?
Acute tubular necrosis
Glomerulonephritis
Drugs
Radiocontrast nephropathy
Myeloma
What is the pathology of post renal AKI?
Obstruction of the urinary tract
What are the causes of post renal AKI?
Stones
Prostatism
Tumours
Retroperitoneal fibrosis
What is the definition of AKI?
Rapid loss of glomerular filtration and tubular function over hours or days
What are the symptoms of AKI?
Symptoms of the causes
- Oliguria (may be only sign)
- Pain
- Haematuria
Initial tests?
Dipstick
- Rule out infective causes
Renal ultrasound
Renal biopsy if glomerularnephritis suspected
Bloods
What must be done before renal biopsy?
Clotting screen
What blood tests should be done (one really important one)?
POTASSIUM LEVELS
- Hyperkalaemia very dangerous complication
FBC
CK
ESR
Serum immunoglobulins
What blood test is indicative of progression?
Creatinine kinase
What serum immunoglobulins should be tested?
c-ANCA
p-ANCA
antiGBM
Surgical management if in urinary retention?
Catheterise
