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Flashcards in Additional Deck (64)
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1
Q

How did Mendeleev arrange the elements

A

Using properties of them and their elements

2
Q

What did Mendeleev use to table to predict

A

Properties of elements not yet discovered

3
Q

What is the mass and charge of a proton

A

1 and +1

4
Q

What is the mass and charge of a neutron

A

1 and 0

5
Q

What is the mass and charge of an electron

A

1/1840 and -1

6
Q

What is an elements atomic number

A

Number of protons

7
Q

What is a mass number of an atom

A

Protons + neutrons

8
Q

What is an isotope

A

Same atom but different number of neutrons

9
Q

How many electrons can be in the first shell

A

2

10
Q

What is the connection between the number of outer electrons and the position of an element in the periodic table

A

Elements go across in number of outer electrons

11
Q

How are ionic bonds formed by the transfer of electrons

A

Want to make a full outer shell

12
Q

Is a cation positive or negative

A

Positive

13
Q

Is an anion positive or negative

A

Negative

14
Q

If a group one atom loses an electron what is its charge

A

1+

15
Q

If a group seven atom gains an electron what is its charge

A

1-

16
Q

What does the ate ending mean

A

Oxygen is present

17
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds

A

Lattice, held together by strong electrostatic forces

18
Q

What are the properties of Ionic substances including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide

A

High melting and boiling point, they conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution

19
Q

Are potassium and ammonium salts soluble

A

Yes

20
Q

Are nitrates soluble

A

Yes

21
Q

Are chlorides soluble

A

Except silver chloride and lead chloride

22
Q

Are sulphates soluble

A

Except lead, barium and calcium

23
Q

Are most carbonates soluble

A

No

24
Q

Are most hydroxides soluble

A

No

25
Q

What is a barium meal

A

Given to patients before an X ray as it is visible to X rays, and insoluble

26
Q

What colour is the sodium flame test

A

Yellow

27
Q

What colour is the potassium flame test

A

Lilac

28
Q

What colour is the calcium flame test

A

Red

29
Q

What colour is the copper flame test

A

Green - blue

30
Q

What do chemists use spectroscopy for

A

Detect presence of very small amounts of elements

31
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

A pair of electrons shared between two atoms

32
Q

What does covalent bonding result in

A

Formation of molecules

33
Q

What are the properties of typical covalent compounds

A

Low melting and boiling points, poor conductors of electricity

34
Q

Properties of diamond

A

Very hard
Does not conduct electricity
High boiling and melting points

35
Q

Properties of graphite

A

Lubricant
Conducts electricity
High melting and boiling points

36
Q

What are immiscible liquids separated in

A

Separating funnel

37
Q

What are miscible liquids separated in

A

Fractionating column

38
Q

Properties of ionic bonds

A
Lattice
Strong
High melting and boiling points 
Typically soluble
Conducts electricity when molten or in solution
39
Q

Properties of simple molecular covalent bonds

A

Strong between atoms
Weak between molecules
Low boiling and melting points
Do not conduct electricity

40
Q

Properties of giant molecular covalent bonds

A

Strong
High boiling and melting points
Insoluble
Does not conduct except graphite

41
Q

Properties of metals

A

Malleable

42
Q

What group are transition metals in

A

The middle

43
Q

What is the structure of metals

A

Regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons

44
Q

What group are alkali metals in

A

1

45
Q

Properties of alkali metals

A

Soft

Low melting points

46
Q

When an alkali metal reacts with water what is made

A

A hydroxide and hydrogen

47
Q

What group are halogens in

A

7

48
Q

What is fluorine at room temperature

A

Pale yellow gas

49
Q

What is chlorine at room temperature

A

Yellow green gas

50
Q

What is bromine at room temperature

A

Brown liquid

51
Q

What is iodine at room temperature

A

Grey solid

52
Q

When a halogen reacts with hydrogen what is made

A

Hydrogen halides that dissolve in water to from acidic solutions

53
Q

What group are noble gases

A

8 or 0

54
Q

Why are noble gases inert

A

Full electron shells

55
Q

What are noble gases used for

A

City lights
Welding
Airships

56
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

Heat is given out, makes bonds

57
Q

What is an endothermic reaction

A

Heat energy taken in, breaking bonds

58
Q

What can effect the rate of reaction

A

Temperature, concentration and surface area

59
Q

Do all collisions lead to a reaction

A

No

60
Q

What does a catalyst do

A

Speeds it up without being used

61
Q

What a catalytic converters in cars

A

Increases rate of reaction between carbon monoxide and unguents fuel

62
Q

What is the yield of a reaction

A

Mass of product obtained

63
Q

What is percentage yield

A

Actual yield / theoretical yield X 100

64
Q

Why is actual yield less than theoretical yield

A

Incomplete reaction

Unwanted reactions