How did Mendeleev arrange the elements
Using properties of them and their elements
What did Mendeleev use to table to predict
Properties of elements not yet discovered
What is the mass and charge of a proton
1 and +1
What is the mass and charge of a neutron
1 and 0
What is the mass and charge of an electron
1/1840 and -1
What is an elements atomic number
Number of protons
What is a mass number of an atom
Protons + neutrons
What is an isotope
Same atom but different number of neutrons
How many electrons can be in the first shell
2
What is the connection between the number of outer electrons and the position of an element in the periodic table
Elements go across in number of outer electrons
How are ionic bonds formed by the transfer of electrons
Want to make a full outer shell
Is a cation positive or negative
Positive
Is an anion positive or negative
Negative
If a group one atom loses an electron what is its charge
1+
If a group seven atom gains an electron what is its charge
1-
What does the ate ending mean
Oxygen is present
What is the structure of ionic compounds
Lattice, held together by strong electrostatic forces
What are the properties of Ionic substances including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide
High melting and boiling point, they conduct electricity when molten and in aqueous solution
Are potassium and ammonium salts soluble
Yes
Are nitrates soluble
Yes
Are chlorides soluble
Except silver chloride and lead chloride
Are sulphates soluble
Except lead, barium and calcium
Are most carbonates soluble
No
Are most hydroxides soluble
No
What is a barium meal
Given to patients before an X ray as it is visible to X rays, and insoluble
What colour is the sodium flame test
Yellow
What colour is the potassium flame test
Lilac
What colour is the calcium flame test
Red
What colour is the copper flame test
Green - blue
What do chemists use spectroscopy for
Detect presence of very small amounts of elements
What is a covalent bond
A pair of electrons shared between two atoms
What does covalent bonding result in
Formation of molecules
What are the properties of typical covalent compounds
Low melting and boiling points, poor conductors of electricity
Properties of diamond
Very hard
Does not conduct electricity
High boiling and melting points
Properties of graphite
Lubricant
Conducts electricity
High melting and boiling points
What are immiscible liquids separated in
Separating funnel
What are miscible liquids separated in
Fractionating column
Properties of ionic bonds
Lattice Strong High melting and boiling points Typically soluble Conducts electricity when molten or in solution
Properties of simple molecular covalent bonds
Strong between atoms
Weak between molecules
Low boiling and melting points
Do not conduct electricity
Properties of giant molecular covalent bonds
Strong
High boiling and melting points
Insoluble
Does not conduct except graphite
Properties of metals
Malleable
What group are transition metals in
The middle
What is the structure of metals
Regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
What group are alkali metals in
1
Properties of alkali metals
Soft
Low melting points
When an alkali metal reacts with water what is made
A hydroxide and hydrogen
What group are halogens in
7
What is fluorine at room temperature
Pale yellow gas
What is chlorine at room temperature
Yellow green gas
What is bromine at room temperature
Brown liquid
What is iodine at room temperature
Grey solid
When a halogen reacts with hydrogen what is made
Hydrogen halides that dissolve in water to from acidic solutions
What group are noble gases
8 or 0
Why are noble gases inert
Full electron shells
What are noble gases used for
City lights
Welding
Airships
What is an exothermic reaction
Heat is given out, makes bonds
What is an endothermic reaction
Heat energy taken in, breaking bonds
What can effect the rate of reaction
Temperature, concentration and surface area
Do all collisions lead to a reaction
No
What does a catalyst do
Speeds it up without being used
What a catalytic converters in cars
Increases rate of reaction between carbon monoxide and unguents fuel
What is the yield of a reaction
Mass of product obtained
What is percentage yield
Actual yield / theoretical yield X 100
Why is actual yield less than theoretical yield
Incomplete reaction
Unwanted reactions