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PA40160 seminars > ADHD > Flashcards

ADHD Flashcards

1
Q

What is ADHD characterised by?

A

Inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity

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2
Q

How many school age children does ADHD effect?

A

5 to 7%

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3
Q

What is ADHD more heritable than?

A

Depression
IQ
Schizophrenia

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4
Q

How many students with ADHD drop out of school?

A

32-40%

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5
Q

What percentage of children with ADHD have few or no friends?

A

50-70%

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6
Q

How many more times likely are people with ADHD likely to commit a crime?

A

3 times

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7
Q

What type of treatment did the US study show is best for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate

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8
Q

What have the effects of ADHD been compared to?

A

Frontal lobe lesions

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9
Q

Name two examples of monoamine reuptake inhibitors

A

Atomoxetine

Bupropion

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10
Q

What type of drug is Atomoxetine?

A

Monoamine reuptake inhibitor (NA selective)

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11
Q

Name a monoamine releasing agent

A

Amphetamine

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12
Q

What drug class is Amphetamine?

A

Monoamine releasing agent (NA and DA)

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13
Q

Name a stimulant reuptake inhibitor

A

Methylphenidate

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14
Q

What drug class is methylphenidate?

A

Stimulant reuptakeinhibitor (NA and DA)

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15
Q

Name an a2-adrenoceptor agonist

A

Guanfacine

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16
Q

Is Bupropion dopamine selective or noradrenaline selective?

A

Dopamine

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17
Q

Are releasing agents big or small?

A

Small

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18
Q

What are releasing agents similar in structure and shape to?

A

Monoamines

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19
Q

Are reuptake inhibitors big or small?

A

Big

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20
Q

What are transporters like?

A

Vacuum

21
Q

How is dopamine removed in the striatum?

A

DAT

22
Q

How is dopamine removed in the PFC?

A

NET

23
Q

What does microdialysis record?

A

Residual efflux = what is being released minus what is being removed by the transporters or catabolism

24
Q

What different length proves can you get for microdialysis?

A

1mm, 2mm or 4mm

25
Q

Is Atomoxetine selective for NA or DA?

A

NA

26
Q

What effect does Atomoxetine have in the PFC?

A

Increases DA and NA

27
Q

What effect does Atomoetine have in the striatum?

A

No effect on dopamine

28
Q

Does Atomoxetine have a dose effect ceiling?

A

Yes

29
Q

Does Atomoxetine have a slow or fast onset of action?

A

Slow

30
Q

Are the effects of Atomoxetine prolonged or short?

A

Prolonged

31
Q

Is GBR12909 dopamine or noradrenaline selective?

A

Dopamine

32
Q

What effect does GBR12909 have in the PFC?

A

Practically no effect

33
Q

Does amphetamine have a rapid or slow onset of action?

A

Rapid

34
Q

Does amphetamine have a dose effect ceiling?

A

No

35
Q

Do the effects of amphetamine wear off quickly or slowly?

A

Quickly

36
Q

What does methylphenidate block?

A

DAT and NET

37
Q

Does methylphenidate have a rapid or slow onset?

A

Rapid

38
Q

Does methylphenidate have a dose effect ceiling?

A

No

39
Q

Are the effects of methylphenidate short or long term?

A

Short term

40
Q

What is lisdexamphetamine catabolised by?

A

Red blood cells

41
Q

What is lisdexamphetamine broken down into?

A

L-Lysine and d-Amphetamine

42
Q

The PK is independent of what for lisdexamphetamine?

A

Route of administration

43
Q

Why are there delays in lisdexamphetamines effect?

A

It is a prodrug

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of Atomoxetine?

A 
Somnolence
Increase HR/BP
Nausea/vom
Abdominal pain
Decreased appetite
Decreased body weight
Decreased growth rate
45
Q

What are the adverse effects of drugs like methylphenidate, amphetamine and lisdexamphetamine?

A 
Insomnia
Increase BP/HR
Nausea/vomiting
Abdominal pain
Decreased appetite
Decreased body weight
Decreased growth rate
46
Q

Are dopamine and noradrenaline neurones long or short?

A

Long

47
Q

Where are the cell bodies of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurones found?

A

Hindbrain region

48
Q

What percentage of neurotransmitters are taken back up into the neurone by transporters?

A

70%

49
Q

Which have more powerful actions, releasing agents or reuptake inhibitors?

A

Releasing agents

PA40160 seminars (2 decks)

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