Adherence Flashcards
What intensity program should you prescribe to most? how about those with more experience with exercise?
lower intensity programs
- for those with more experience, higher intensity programs
What are important considerations for first-time exercisers?
- Self-Selection
- Individual
- Moderate Intensity (45-55% HRR)
What are barriers to exercise?
Limited time Limited energy Limited motivation Expense Illness Location Awkward I don’t know how Risk of injury Childcare Partnership
What are theories to address adherence?
- Social Cognitive Theory
- Transtheoretical Model
- Health Belief Model
- Self-Determination
- Theory of Planned Behavior
- Social Ecological
According to social cognitive theory, what are the dimensions of self-efficacy? what are outcome expectations?
Self efficacy:
- task - “can I do the task?”
- Barrier - “what are the barriers holding me back?”
outcome expectations: anticipatory results; valued outcomes are more often going to occur
According to social cognitive theory, how can we educate patients positively about self-efficacy and outcome expectations?
Modeling
What are the stages of the transthoretical model?
- Precontemplation - No intention in the next 6 months
- Contemplation - Intention in the next 6 months
- Preparation - Intention in the next 30 days
- Action - Active for <6 months
- Maintenance - Active for >6 month
- Takes in to consideration: Process, Decision-Making (Pro v. Con), and Self-Efficacy
What are the constructs of the health belief model?
- Perceived susceptibility - beliefs about the chances of getting a disease/ donation if do not exercise
- perceived severity - beliefs about the seriousness/ consequences of disease/ condition as a result of inactivity
- perceived benefits - beliefs about the effectiveness of exercising to reduce susceptibility and/or severity
- perceived barriers - beliefs about the direct and indirect costs associated with exercise
- cues to action - factors that activate the cage in process and get someone to start exercising
- self-efficacy - confidence in ability to exercise
What are change strategies for each construct of the health belief model?
- Perceived susceptibility - explain risk info based on current activity, family hx, other behaviors, etc
- perceived severity -refer indiv to medically valid info about disease; discuss diff tx options, outcomes, and costs
- perceived benefits - provide info on benefits of exercise to preventing/ txing condition or disease; provide info on other potential benefits of exercise (QOL, mental health)
- perceived barriers - discuss ExRx options to minimize burden; provide info on diff low-cost activity choices
- cues to action - help indiv look for potential cues; ask indiv what it would take to for them to get started
- self-efficacy - assess level of confidence for diff types of activity; use self-efficacy building techniques to enhance exercise confidence
What are the stages of self determination theory?
- Self-determination/ autonomy - Amotivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Intrinsic Motivation
- Competency or mastery - Programs should be designed to enhance competency
- Meaningful social interactions - How can we enhance this as physical therapists? Is it important?
How should exercise programs be designed according to self-determination theory
Programs should be designed to enhance autonomy to improve self-efficacy, enjoyment, competency
- Extrinsic rewards are not helpful to initiate exercise.
What is the theory of planned behavior the main predictor of?
whether behavior will occur is whether the individual intends to complete it
What influences if a behavior will occur in theory of planned behavior?
attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms (or the social component)
What influences attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (the influencers of behavioral intention) in theory of planned behavior?
- attitude toward behavior = behavioral beliefs and evaluation of behavioral outcomes
- subjective norm = normative beliefs and motivation to comply
- perceived behavioral control = control beliefs and perceived power
According to the social ecological, what influences performance of a behavior?
- interpersonal factors
- social environment
- physical environment
- policies
- dynamic interplay of an individual and the environment
