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Nursing Essentials: Spring > Advanced Nutrition > Flashcards

Advanced Nutrition Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

What causes salmonella

A

Chicken

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2
Q

What are the S/S of salmonella

A

HA, fever

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3
Q

What should you know about salmonella

A

It can be FATAL

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4
Q

What causes E.coli

A

Hamburger, poor hand hygiene

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5
Q

What are the S/S of E.coli

A

Bloody diarrhea

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6
Q

What causes shigella

A

salad

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7
Q

What are the S/S of shigella

A

Diarrhea

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8
Q

What causes listeria

A

Soft cheese, deli meats, bagged salads

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9
Q

What should you know about listeria

A

Bad for PREGNATE women (warm up meats and cheese), survives FRIDGE and FREEZER

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10
Q

What are the four points of the American Diabetic Association (ADA)

A

Dietitian, non-starchy veggies, added sugars and refined grains, whole unprocessed form

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11
Q

What can you teach your pts about the diabetic diet

A

Carb counting, READING food labels, high-fiber, miimize SIMPLE carbs

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12
Q

What is one serving of carbs

A

15 grams

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13
Q

What is a cardiac diet

A

Low in CHOLESTEROL and SATURATED FATS and high in FIBER

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14
Q

What are some sources of saturated fats

A

Red meat, bacon, sausage, butter

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15
Q

What are some heart healthy fates

A

Olive oil, advocado, nuts, seeds

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16
Q

What can you teach your pts about the cardiac diet

A

Reduce sodium intake like CANNED soups

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17
Q

What is the renal diet

A

Restricts POTASSIUM, SODIUM, PROTEIN, and PHOSPHORUS (three P’s)

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18
Q

What hsould pts on a renal diet limit

A

Meat, processed foods, peanut butter, cheese, nuts, dark SODA

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19
Q

What must the pt have to be able to have an enteral route

A

Some function of the GI tract

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20
Q

Why do you want to use the GI tract

A

Don’t use it you lose it

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21
Q

How do you decide nasal tubes

A

Aspiration risk

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22
Q

What is the nasogastric tube (NG tube)

A

Nose to STOMACH, SHORT-TERM, LOW aspriation risk

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23
Q

What is the nasointestinal tube

A

nose to INTESTINE, LONGER-TERM, HIGH aspiration risk

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24
Q

What is another name for a gastrostomy tube

A

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG tube)

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25
Tell me about the PEG tube
SURGICALLY placed to STOMACH, LONG-TERM
26
What type of pts need a PEG tube
CVA, cancer, trauma
27
What is the pediatric PEG tube
MIC-KEY, "button", COMFORTABLE
28
What should you use a jejunostomy tube (J-tube) (PEJ)
HIGH aspiration risk, to the jejunum
29
What is the number of TF bottles
calories per mL
30
Standard TF
Intact w/whole proteins
31
Elemental TF
Either parially of fully hydrolyzed to aid in digestion
32
How long do continuous drip feeding
16-24 hours through a PUMP (Kangaroo)
33
Should you flush with continuous drip feeding
Flush with water every 4-6 hours
34
What is cyclic feeding
Done during sleeping hours
35
When is cyclic feeding used
Pts transitioning to oral intake
36
Where is bolus feedings done
Usally home
37
What is bolus feedings
LARGE volume, using GRAVITY, given over 15 mins
38
How are new enteral tube placement confirmed
X-rays
39
How do you check tube placement after it's been confermed
Aspirate gastric contents, check pH
40
How do you clean PEG tubes
Soap and water
41
What should you monitor the skin around the PEG tube site for
Skin breakdown or infection
42
What is a big complication of enteral tubes
Peritonitis
43
What is peritonitis
EMERGENCY, RIDGID adbomen
44
What must you verify before med pass or feedings
Bowel sounds
45
What should the HOB be and for how long
At least semi-Fowler;s (30), during and after feedings for 30-60 min
46
What temp should TF be
Room temp
47
How often do you need to replace feeding bag and tubing
Every 24 hours
48
What is residual colume
The stomach contents remaining from the previous feeding
49
When do you need to check residuals
Every time before feedings and about 4-6 hours
50
How do you check residual
Put in 30mL of air then take it all out
51
When can you proceed with the next feeding
The residual is less than 250mL or half the amount of the last feeding
52
When do you need to NOT feed the patient and report it to the provider
If residual exceeds 500mL or if two measure ments taken 1 hour apart are greater than 250mL
53
What do you do with the residuals after you measure them
Return
54
What tubes do you only check residuals on
GASTRIC, NG or PEG tube
55
What position do you put your pt in when feeding if they have to stay supine
Reverse trendelenburg
56
What is the lopez valve
You can change the route of flow to do both feedings and meds
57
What do meds need to be dissolved in
WATER
58
How much water do you flush with before and after med
15-30mL
59
What do you do if you have multiple meds to give
Small flush inbetween each med
60
What should you consider if your pt has GI upset
FORMULA, decrease flow RATE, TEMP
61
What is dumping syndrome
Fluid shifts can cause fainting
62
How do you prevent dumping syndrome
Room temp, slow rate
63
How do you prevent clogging of tube with continuous feedings
Flush tube with 20-30mL warm water every 4 hours
64
How long can you refrigerate unused formula for
24 hours
65
What is total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Nutritino given through PICC line or central line via IV pump
66
When do you use TPN
When the GI- tract is non-functioning or they need complete bowel rest
67
What do you need specially for TPN
FILTERED tubing, GLUCOSE checked every 6 hours, daily WEIGHTS and LABS, STERILE technique
68
What are the electrolyte balances that can occur with TPN
Hyperkalemia, hypoiphosphatemia/clacemia
69
What happens with there is an air embolism
EMERGNECY, left lateral, trendelnburgs, 02, help
70
How can you prevent aspiration
TUCK chin, NO STRAWS, alternate food and fluids
71
Nursing interventions for constipation
Fluid, fiver, activity
72
Nursing interventinos for diarrhea
Fluids, fiber, gatorade
73
What is about one serving of carbs
2-3 tablets, candy, 4ox of jucie or soda, 1 tbsp of honey
74
When do you test blood sugar and what do you need the level to get too before you give carb+protein food
15 ins, 70

Nursing Essentials: Spring (21 decks)

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