African Decolonization

Question 1

Name 6 causes of decolonization

Answer 1

1. Exhaustion of European powers (after ww1)
2. successful independence movements
3. U.S. pressure to decolonize or forefit aid
4. Spread of nationalism and education aspirations (in Africa)
5. West realized they couldn’t be hypocrites
6. Colonies cost more than they were worth

Question 2

What idea did pan-Africanism promote

Answer 2

nationalist spirit
or
nationalism

Question 3

What group worked to get civil rights for Africans

Answer 3

African National Congress

Question 4

What was a policy of strict discrimination and segregation that was put in place to limit or restrict the rights of south African blacks

Answer 4

Apartheid

Question 5

Where was aprtheid put into place

Answer 5

South Africa

Question 6

Kwame Nkruman led

Answer 6

Ghana

Question 7

Kwame Nkrumans title in goveremnt

Answer 7

1st president of Ghana

Question 8

Kwame Nkrumans

Answer 8

• Ghanaian politician who drove ideas of Independence from Britain
  -supported pan-africanism
• theorized political Independence would lead to economic stability and tolerance

Question 9

Who did Ghana used to be under the power of

Answer 9

Britain

Question 10

Jomo Kenyattas title in goverment

Answer 10

1st Kenyan prime minister
1st Kenyan president

Question 11

Jomo Kenyattas

Answer 11

-Nationalist who helped create and lead the Kenya African National Union
-Played a huge role in Kenyan independence from Britain

Question 12

Patrice Lumumba led

Answer 12

Democratic republic of Congo

Question 13

Patrice Lumumba

Answer 13

First prime minister, nationalist and advocate for pan- africanism
-Helped transform Congo from a Belgian colony to independent
- assassinated by a military coup

Question 14

Gamal Abdel Nassar led

Answer 14

Egypt

Question 15

Gamal Abdel Nassar

Answer 15

• Arab nationalist who overthrew monarch in military coup
• president of Egypt
• proponent of pan africanism

Question 16

Apartheid

Answer 16

seperation of the races
racial segergation in south Africa and all people were categorized by race

Question 17

What did supporters of Apartheid believe

Answer 17

it would allow each race to keep its culture

Question 18

What was apartheid designed to do

Answer 18

keep whites in power

Question 19

What were some restrictions on non-whites under apartheid

Answer 19

• get permission to travel
• banned interracial marriages
• segregated restaurants, beaches, and schools

Question 20

What were some restrictions on blacks under apartheid

Answer 20

• could not own land
  -paid low wages

Question 21

What was the result of apartheid for Blacks

Answer 21

poverty

Question 22

Main party that opposed apartheid

Answer 22

African national congress (ANC)

Question 23

What did ANC do

Answer 23

organized boycotts, sit ins, marches

Question 24

What happened at sharpville

Answer 24

a black township where a massacre by the south African police happened during a peaceful protest

Question 25

Nelson Mandela

Answer 25

-early ANC leader who fought government oppression and apartheid - convicted of treason and given a life sentence but still maintained power and authority - after he was released he became president of south africa (after apartheid ended)

Question 26

Who ended apartheid and why

Answer 26

- South African president F.W. de Klerk - outside pressures

Question 27

Genocide

Answer 27

deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

Question 28

Ethnic cleansing

Answer 28

the expulsion imprisonment or killing of an ethnic minority by a dominant majority in order to achieve ethnic homogeneity

Question 29

Pol Pot

Answer 29

Cambodian dictator in the 1970s that was responsible for the deaths of millions as Cambodia switched to communist government

Question 30

Khmer rouge

Answer 30

Cambodian communist military or militia groups that carried out atrocities in the name of Pol pot

Question 31

Cambodian Genocide

Answer 31

persecution and killing of Cambodians by the Khmer rouge under leadership of communist general secretary Pol Pot

Question 32

What was Pol Pots goal in the Cambodian Genocide

Answer 32

create a classless society/ rid Cambodia of educated ppl

Question 33

What was the Khmer rouges methods of getting a "classless society"

Answer 33

emptied the cities and forced Cambodians to relocate to concentration/labor camps in the country side

Question 34

What happened in the Khmer rouges labor camps

Answer 34

there were mass executions, forced labor, physical abuse, malnutrition and disease

Question 35

What did the Khmer Rouge change the name of Cambodia to

Answer 35

Democratic Kampuchea

Question 36

Who was Pol pot and the Khmer rouge backed by in the Cambodian genocide

Answer 36

maos Chinese government

Question 37

How was Pol Pot and the Khmer rouge defeated

Answer 37

the Vietnamese military invaded them

Question 38

Why did the Vietnamese military invade Cambodia

Answer 38

to stop the mass murders after it became a international crisis

Question 39

Result of the Cambodian genocide

Answer 39

1.5-2 million Cambodians died a few members if the Khmer rouge were tried for crimes against humanity

Question 40

The Balkin crisis is AKA

Answer 40

the break of of former Yugoslavia

Question 41

Why is it called the Balkin crisis

Answer 41

the Balkin mountains are located in the region

Question 42

When did the balkin crisis occur and what aspects of society did it involve

Answer 42

thorough the 1990s and involved politics, ethnicity and religion

Question 43

Serbs in many parts of yugoslavia wanted to create this

Answer 43

greater servbia

Question 44

Siberian leaders heild responsiable for war crimes in former yugoslavia

Answer 44

Slobodan Milosevic

Question 45

Majority eithic group in Rwanda that tried to wipe out their counterparts

Answer 45

Hutus

Question 46

Egyptian leader that nationalized he suez canal resulting in the Suez crisis

Answer 46

Nassar