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Ortho Path 300 > After quiz 4. LB Plus > Flashcards

After quiz 4. LB Plus Flashcards

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0
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Loss of conduction at the compression point with no axonal degeneration

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1
Q

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

A

Compression of brachial plexus (almost always), subclavian artery and/or subclavian vein

Causes neuropraxia

Most commonly caused by poor posture

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2
Q

Double crush

A

Neurovascular bundle compressed at more than one site.

Seen in TOS but not specific to it.

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3
Q

Level of cervical plexus

A

Above C5

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4
Q

Level of brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

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5
Q

Classification of TOS

A

Cervical rib syndrome
Anterior scalene syndrome
Costoclavicular syndrome
Pectoralis minor syndrome

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6
Q

Anterior scalene syndrome

A

Form of TOS in which brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery are compressed in between anterior and middle scalenes.

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7
Q

Trophic change

A

Change resulting from interruption of nerve supply

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8
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Muscle and nerve ischemia caused by fascia not accommodating swelling in muscular compartment.

Most commonly deep posterior compartment of leg, flexor compartment of forearm.

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9
Q

Volkmann’s Ischemic contracture

A

Permanent contracture deformity of hand and fingers caused by ischemia.

Can be complication of compartment syndrome.

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10
Q

CRPS

A

Chronic regional pain syndrome
Pain that persists after trauma has healed

Trophic changes
Allodynia
Atrophy
Focal osteoporosis
Pain
Dystonia
Hyperhydrosis
Neurogenic inflammation
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11
Q

Two types of CRPS

A

Type 1 (90%)
Reflex syndrome dystrophy
No identifiable nerve injury

Type 2
Causalgia
Involves major nerve injury

Also “hot” and “cold”

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12
Q

Allodynia

A

Hurts where it shouldn’t hurt

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13
Q

Valgus deformity

A

Distal bone deviates away from midline

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14
Q

Varus deformity

A

Distal limb deviates towards midline

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15
Q

Coxa vara

A

Angle between head and neck of femur less than 120 degree

Mild shortening of limb

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16
Q

Coxa valga

A

Femoral neck-shaft angle greater than 135 degrees

Muscle weakness, neuromuscular disorders, slipped epiphysis of femoral head

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17
Q

Genu valgum

A

Knock kneed.
Normal in children 2-3, should straighten out by 5-6

Hypermobility of knee joint

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18
Q

Genu varum

A

Bow legs

Normal in infants, grow out by adulthood.

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19
Q

Hallux valgus

A

Valgus orientation of big toe
Most commonly associated with medial deviation of MT#1 and bunion at 1st MTP jt.

Poor footwear, injuries, neuromuscular problems.

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20
Q

Hallux rigidus

A

Pain and stiffness at 1st MTP jt
Form of degenerative arthritis
Hallux limitus –> hallux rigidus –> frozen joint.

Biomechanics, structural abnormalities, genetics, overuse, trauma

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21
Q

Torsion (structural)

A

Anterior aspect of distal end of long bone is twisted.

External femoral torsion – toe out
Internal tibial torsion - toe in

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22
Q

Fracture at epiphyseal plate of femur

A

Stunts growth

Can lead to avascular necrosis

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23
Q

Fracture at femoral neck

A

Can lead to avascular necrosis

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24
Fracture at proximal femur
Osteoporosis a risk factor
25
Tibial plateau fracture
Mostly crush injuries in people over 60
26
Severe abduction injury
Lateral blow to knee when foot is planted --> forced valgus --> femoral condyle driven into lateral tibial plateau
27
Hip dislocation
Posterior -- most common; present shortened and internally rotated Anterior --least common, present externally rotated Central -- definitely fractured.
28
Trochanteric bursitis
Bursa between glute max and trochanter Affects lateral hip Can be caused by IT band issues
29
Ischiogluteal bursitis
Pain in sit bones | Can get sciatic symptoms.
30
Bursa of the knee
Prepatellar Suprapatellar Infrapatellar
31
IT band contracture
Contracture or thickening of iT band. | Biomechanics altered, compensation at SI jt or ankle
32
IT band friction syndrome
Inflammation and pain where IT band crosses lateral femoral condyle. Can be caused by repetitive hip and knee flexion.
33
Chondromalacia Patella
Softening and degeneration of cartilage under patella Often due to tracking/instability. Females > makes (q angle)
34
Shin splints can be caused by:
1 periostitis 2 tibial stress fracture 3 chronic compartment syndrome
35
Chandlers Disease
Legg-Calves Perthes in adults | Osteochondrosis of femoral head
36
SCFE
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Idiopathic Epiphysis slips off femur More often in adolescent boys
37
Achilles tendinitis
Most common tendonitis of the foot Just above attachment points
38
Achilles rupture
Pop! Retro calcaneal bursitis, tendonitis predisposing factors
39
Pes Planus
Flat feet. Pronated hind foot. Functional (ligament laxity and/or muscle weakness) or structural (bony malformation)
40
Pes cavus
Claw foot | Increased arch, forefoot drops below hind foot when not weight bearing
41
Plantar fasciitis
Most common heel pain. Inflammation of plantar fascia Stabbing pain, worse in morning
42
Heel Spurs
Bone spurs, osteophytes, exostosis On calcaneus May be associated with plantar fasciitis.
43
Freiberg's disease
Osteochondrosis of metatarsal head Most common in girls, and 2nd MT head
44
Hammer toe
MTP hyperextension PIP flexion DIP hyperextension
45
Claw toe
MTP hyperextension PIP Flexion DIP flexion
46
Mallet toe
DIP flexion
47
Lisfranc's fracture
Fracture to TMT joint with dorsal and lateral dislocation.
48
Piriformis syndrome
Compression/irritation of sciatic nerve by piriformis Numbness, pain, tingling down buttocks and thigh
49
Sciatic nerve compression
Strongest and longest peripheral nerve Tibial and peroneal branches Foot drop, claw toe, CRPS, anesthia, paresthesia
50
Common peroneal nerve compression
Compressed at opening of Fibularis Change in sensation to lateral leg and dorsum of foot Affects eversion and dorsiflexion
51
Posterior tibial nerve compression
Entrapped in tarsal tunnel | Affect plantar surface of foot and dorsum of toes.
52
Intermittent claudication
Distinct pain or cramping on calf with walking. Stops with rest. Often symptom of peripheral arterial disease. Aggravated by cold, medications Cyanosis, pain, Trophic changes , decreased pulse, cold
53
Hindfoot varus
Calcaneal inversion
54
Hindfoot valgus
Calcaneal eversion
55
Forefoot varus
Inversion of forefoot on the Hindfoot at the mid tarsal joint
56
Forefoot valgus
Eversion of forefoot on the Hindfoot at the midtarsal joint.
57
Calcaneus dorsalis
Perma-dorsiflexion
58
Equines plantaris
Perma-platarflexion
59
Talipes equinovarus
Clubfoot | Inversion + plantar flexion
60
Osteoid osteoma
Benign bone tumour often found in long bones
61
Enchondroma
Common benign tumour or cartilage | Often found in hands, feet, long bones
62
Osteochondroma
Most common benign primary neoplasm of bone | Most common in distal femur
63
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant neoplasm Slow Often in femur
64
Osteosarcoma
Malignant bone tumour most frequently found in long bones.
65
Sever's Disease
Osteochondrosis of calcaneus AKa calcaneal apophysitis Most common cause of heel pain in growing athletes.

Ortho Path 300 (7 decks)

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