Agronomy

Question 1

the existing natural environmental temperature surrounding a
plant or plant part.

Answer 1

Ambient temperature

Question 2

• taking up H2O by assimilation.

Answer 2

Absorption

Question 3

synthetic metabolism, the metabolic processes that form more complex
molecules from single ones, as in photosynthesis or protein synthesis

Answer 3

Anabolism

Question 4

a plant in which the female gamete is protected within an enclosed
ovary.

Answer 4

Angiosperm

Question 5

the suppression of the development of lateral buds by high
concentration of auxins in the shoot apex.

Answer 5

Apical dominance

Question 6

the inflorescence of sugarcane plant.

Answer 6

Arrow

Question 7

used in reference to reproduction by any method in which sexual fertilization
is absent, or not completed.

Answer 7

Asexual

Question 8

a plant growth regulator or hormone that affects dormancy; it acts as a
growth inhibitor.

Answer 8

Abscissic acid

Question 9

the natural separation of leaves, flowers, and fruits or buds from the stems
or other plant parts by the formation of a special layer of thin-walled cells.

Answer 9

Abscission

Question 10

a soil with a pH below 7.0.

Answer 10

Acid soil

Question 11

a high-energy phosphate compound. This is
converted to ATP by the addition of phosphate, which is attached to the ADP molecule by
a high-energy bond.

Answer 11

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Question 12

a high-energy molecule that is the major source of
usable chemical energy for cellular work.

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 13

taking up vapor or liquid by surface on which they remain.

Answer 13

Adsorption

Question 14

a root that originates neither as a branch from the pericycle nor
as a seminal root.

Answer 14

Adventitious roots

Question 15

roots that arise from the stem above the ground.

Answer 15

Aerial roots

Question 16

capable of producing food from non-food materials.

Answer 16

Autotrophic

Question 17

lacking a geotropic response, as in stolons, rhizomes, and lateral roots
which grow either erect or downward.

Answer 17

Ageotropic

Question 18

the study of the relation of crop adaptation to environmental conditions.

Answer 18

Agroecology

Question 19

• the science of crop production and soil management or field management

Answer 19

Agronomy

Question 20

a soil usually above pH 8.5, containing alkali salts in quantities that usually
are deleterious to crop production.

Answer 20

Alkali soil

Question 21

a soil with a pH above 7.0

Answer 21

Alkaline soil

Question 22

formation of ammonia or ammonium compounds in soil.

Answer 22

Ammonification

Question 23

a plant that completes its life cycle from seed in one year or less.

Answer 23

Annual

Question 24

the part of the stamen that contain the pollen.

Answer 24

Anther

Question 25

a water-soluble plant pigment that produces many of the red, blue, and purple colors in plants.

Answer 25

Anthocyanin

Question 26

turning upward in response to a stimulus opposed to the force of gravity.

Answer 26

Apogeotropic

Question 27

a plant that lives in water.

Answer 27

Aquatic plant

Question 28

reproduction without involving the germ or sexual cells.

Answer 28

Asexual reproduction

Question 29

organic substances that cause stem elongation.

Answer 29

Auxins

Question 30

the period during which the flower is open and, in grasses, the period when the anther are extended from the glumes

Answer 30

Anthesis

Question 31

a type of asexual production of seed (as in Kentucky blue grass).

Answer 31

Apomixis

Question 32

the subsoil layer in which certain leached substances are deposited.

Answer 32

B horizon

Question 33

the placement of fertilizer in a band or bands in the root zone before or at the time of planting. Insecticides are sometimes applied in this manner.

Answer 33

* Band application

Question 34

- the cross of a hybrid with one of the parental types.

Answer 34

Back cross

Question 35

of two year’s duration, a plant germinating one season and producing seed the next.

Answer 35

Biennial

Question 36

an aerial root that functions to brace the plant as in corn.

Answer 36

Brace root

Question 37

a leaf with fleshy scales, usually subterranean.

Answer 37

Bulb

Question 38

- a fibrous by-product of sugarcane processing that is used in the manufacture of some types of paper products.

Answer 38

Bagasse

Question 39

the rounded seed pod of cotton or flax.

Answer 39

Boll

Question 40

the science of plant life.

Answer 40

Botany

Question 41

the outer layers of karyopsis removed in milling.

Answer 41

Bran

Question 42

a form of grafting in which a vegetative bud from one plant is transferred to stem tissue of another plant.

Answer 42

Budding

Question 43

growth habit of grasses that do not spread by rhizomes or stolons.

Answer 43

Bunch type

Question 44

a crop produced for direct sale for cash, as contracted with crops produced as livestock feed.

Answer 44

Cash crop

Question 45

- destructive metabolism; the metabolic processes that break down complex molecules with the release of energy.

Answer 45

Catabolism

Question 46

a positively charged atom or molecule.

Answer 46

Cation

Question 47

seed that meets rigid standard of purity and germination and is so designated by an authorized agency.

Answer 47

Certified seed -

Question 48

- the cellular organelle in which chlorophyll is located.

Answer 48

Chloroplast

Question 49

a measure of the potential of a soil to give up or exchange positively charged ions or molecules.

Answer 49

CEC

Question 50

a flower with all parts of the perianth and pistil and stamen.

Answer 50

Complete & Perfect flower

Question 51

a nonsystemic weed killer - one that does not have to be metabolized by a plant to be effective

Answer 51

Contact herbicide

Question 52

the physical exchange of chromosomal material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.

Answer 52

Crossing over

Question 53

the condition in which pollen from an anther on one plant ultimately fertilize a flower on a different plant.

Answer 53

Cross-pollination

Question 54

- division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells.

Answer 54

Cytokinesis

Question 55

the layer of weathered parent rock material below B horizon of the soil but above the unweathered rock.

Answer 55

C Horizon

Question 56

an alkaline soil containing sufficient calcium and Mg carbonate to cause visible efflorescence when treated with hydrochloric acid.

Answer 56

Calcareous soil

Question 57

the green coloring matter of plants that take part in the process of photosynthesis.

Answer 57

Chlorophyll

Question 58

the yellowing or blanching of leaves and other chlorophyll bearing plant parts.

Answer 58

Chlorosis

Question 59

carrier of genes.

Answer 59

Chromosome

Question 60

- the total long-time characteristic weather of any region.

Answer 60

Climate -

Question 61

a group of organism composed of individuals propagated vegetatively from a single original individual.

Answer 61

Clone

Question 62

- the sheath covering the tip of the leaf of a grass seedling as it emerge from the soil.

Answer 62

Coleoptile

Question 63

- a sheath covering the tip of the 1st root from a seed.

Answer 63

Coleorhizar

Question 64

a crop grown with another crop, as a small grain with forage crops

Answer 64

Companion crop

Question 65

plowed at right angles to the slope, at the same level of grade, to intercest and retain runoff water.

Answer 65

Contour furrows

Question 66

hard swollen base of the stem.

Answer 66

Corm

Question 67

the 1st leaves of a plant as found in the embryo.

Answer 67

Cotyledon

Question 68

- a crop grown between orchard trees or on field between cropping season to protect the land from leaching and erosion.

Answer 68

Cover crop

Question 69

- is the planting of some crops, like vegetables, cereals, and legumes after harvesting the main crop, like rice, corn, or sugarcane and repeating the same pattern in the next crop year

Answer 69

Crop rotation

Question 70

- fertilization secured by pollen from another plant.

Answer 70

Cross-fertilization or cross-pollination -

Question 71

- a part of a plant used for vegetative propagation

Answer 71

Cutting

Question 72

the study of the structure, function, and life history of the cell.

Answer 72

Cytology

Question 73

- the contents of a cell outside the nucleus.

Answer 73

Cytoplasm

Question 74

a cultivated variety within a plant species that differs in some respect from the rest of the species.

Answer 74

Cultivar

Question 75

the random scattering of molecules due to their own kinetic activity and to external forces.

Answer 75

Diffusion

Question 76

the breakdown of complex foods to simple foods, which can be more easily respired.

Answer 76

Digestion

Question 77

the process of sexual fertilization in the angiosperms in which one nucleus from the male gametophyte fertilizes the egg nucleus to form the embryo and a second nucleus from the male gametophyte jointly-fertilizes two polar nuclei to form endosperm.

Answer 77

Double-fertilization

Question 78

plants or trees that shed leaves or awns at a particular season or stage

Answer 78

Deciduous

Question 79

the opening of valves or anthers, or separation of parts of plants.

Answer 79

Dehiscence

Question 80

the reduction of nitrates to nitrites, ammonia and free nitrogen in the soil.

Answer 80

Denitrification

Question 81

having two sets of chromosomes.

Answer 81

Diploid

Question 82

the terminal end farthest from the base.

Answer 82

Distal

Question 83

possessing as character which is manifested in the hybrid to the apparent exclusion of the contracted character from the other parent.

Answer 83

Dominant

Question 84

an internal condition of a seed or bud that prevents its prompt germinating or sprouting under normal growth conditions.

Answer 84

Dormancy -

Question 85

lowers that arises from the terminal bud and check the growth of the axis.

Answer 85

Determinate inflorescence

Question 86

- plants producing two cotyledons in each fruit.

Answer 86

Dicotyledonous plants -

Question 87

the result of mating two single crosses, each of which had been produced by crossing two distinct inbred linen

Answer 87

Double cross

Question 88

a machine for sowing in furrows

Answer 88

Drill -

Question 89

a row of seeds or plants sown with a drill; one seed per hill.

Answer 89

Drill row

Question 90

- small onion bulbs, approximately 1.5 - 2 cm in diameter used as planting material

Answer 90

Dry sets

Question 91

- the study of the mutual relations between organism and their environment.

Answer 91

Ecology

Question 92

a variety or strains adapted to a particular environment.

Answer 92

Ecotype

Question 93

the female reproductive cell.

Answer 93

Egg

Question 94

remove the male reproductive structures

Answer 94

Emasculate

Question 95

the sac in the embryo containing the egg cell.

Answer 95

Embryo sac

Question 96

coming off a place, as a seedling from the soil or a flower from a bud.

Answer 96

Emergence

Question 97

Inner layer of pericarp

Answer 97

Endocarp

Question 98

the starchy interior of a grain.

Answer 98

Endosperm

Question 99

the stem of the embryo or young seedling above the cotyledons.

Answer 99

Epicotyl

Question 100

- the wearing away of the land surface by water, wind or other forces.

Answer 100

Erosion