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Y3 MedEd > AI Diseases > Flashcards

AI Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Define sarcoidosis

A

Multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disorder characterised by the presence of non-caseating granulomas

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2
Q

Epidemiology of sarcoidosis (age and area)

A

Afro-Caribbeans and Scandinavians

Usually > 50 years

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3
Q

General s/s of sarcoidosis (3)

A

fever, malaise, weight loss

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4
Q

Pulmonary s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

SOB, dry cough

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5
Q

Muscular s/s of sarcoidosis (1)

A

arthralgia

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6
Q

Eyes s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

uveitis, keratoconjunctivitis

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7
Q

Skin s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

lupus pernio, erythema nodosum

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8
Q

Cardio s/s of sarcoidosis (2)

A

arrhythmia, heart failure

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9
Q

Which are the main and most common symptoms of sarcoidosis

A

Pulmonary SOB and dry cough

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10
Q

Ix for sarcoidosis (3)

A

Bloods
CXR
Biopsy

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11
Q

What do you see in the bloods of sarcoidosis (3)

A

High calcium
High ACE
High ESR

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12
Q

What do you see in the CXR of sarcoidosis (2)

A

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

Pulmonary infiltration/fibrosis

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13
Q

What do you see in the biopsy of sarcoidosis

A

Non-caseating granuloma

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14
Q

Epidemiology of SLE (age, sex, race)

A

Young
Afro-Caribbean
Female

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15
Q

Symptoms of SLE (think of the acronym 11)

A 
Serositis - pleurisy, pericarditis
Oral ulcers
Arthritis
Photosensitivity
Bloods (low counts of everything)
Renal (proteinuria, casts)
ANA
Immunological (anti-dsDNA)
Neurological (psychosis, seizures)
Malar rash
Discoid rash
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16
Q

Which auto-antibodies are raised in SLE (3)

A

Anti-dsDNA
ANA
Anti-cardiolipin

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17
Q

What do you seen the urine of SLE

A

casts, proteinuria, haematuria

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18
Q

What are forms of serositis seen in SLE (2)

A

Pleurisy, pericarditis

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19
Q

What is seen in the urine of SLE

A

Casts, proteinuria, haematuria

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20
Q

Ix for SLE (4 and what do you see in the results)

A 
Bloods: high ESR, U&E, FBC
Autoantibodies
Anti-dsDNA
ANA 
Anti-cardiolipin
Urine: casts, proteinuria, haematuria
CXR
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21
Q

What is the main complication of SLE

A

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

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22
Q

What triad is anti-phospholipid

A

Thromboembolism
Recurrent miscarriage
Thrombocytopaenia

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23
Q

What antibody is seen in anti-phospholipid syndrome

A

anti-cardiolipin

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24
Q

What are the two types of systemic sclerosis

A

Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis

Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis (CREST Syndrome)

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25
What is systemic sclerosis also known as
Scleroderma
26
Define systemic sclerosis
rare connective tissue disease characterised by widespread blood vessel damage and fibrosis in skin and internal organs
27
What happens in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (7)
``` Skin changes involving the trunk Raynaud’s phenomenon Tendon friction Early lung disease Heart, GI and renal disease ```
28
What happens in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (5)
``` (CREST Syndrome) Calcinosis Raynaud’s phenomenon Eosophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia ```
29
Which type of systemic sclerosis has a mnemonic to hell it
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis CREST
30
Which disease is anti-centromere AB involved in
Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
31
Which disease is anti-topoisomerase II AB involved in
Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
32
Which antibody is involved in diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
anti-topoisomerase II
33
Which antibody is involved in limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis
anti-centromere AB
34
What are the large 1, medium 1 and small cell vasculitis 3'
Large-vessel vasculitis Giant cell arteritis (and Polymyalgia Rheumatica) Medium-vessel vasculitis Polyarteritis nodosa Small-vessel vasculitis Behcet’s disease Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s) Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)
35
What is GCA associated with
Polymyalgia rheumatica
36
What is polymyalgia rheumatica associated with
shoulder/pelvic girdle pain associated with GCA
37
Symptoms of GCA (5)
``` Unilateral headache Jaw claudication Scalp tenderness Loss of vision Systemic upset (fever, malaise, weight loss) ```
38
Treatment of GCA
HIGH DOSE ORAL PREDNISOLONE | Do NOT delay treatment unnecessarily
39
Ix for GCA
Check ESR | Temporal artery biopsy
40
Define GCA
an inflammatory condition of unknown cause, characterised by severe bilateral pain and morning stiffness of the shoulder, neck and pelvic girdle. There is NO weakness.
41
Signs and symptoms of PMR (4)
Chronic Bilateral shoulder or pelvic pain Morning stiffness NO weakness
42
Ix of PMR
ESR/CRP - raised
43
Mx of PMR
Oral steroids
44
What is Takayasu's aortitis
a large vessel vasculitis that affects the aorta and its branches. q
45
What is the typical demographic of Takayasu's aortitis
Typically affects Middle-aged women of Asian descent
46
What is Myalgic Encephalomyelitis also known as
Chronic fatigue syndrome
47
What is chronic fatigue syndrome also known as
Myalgic encephalomyelitis
48
Takayasu’s Aortitis tends to present with... (4)
constitutional upset, absent/weak upper/lower limb pulses and claudication
49
What does Rosary sign appear in and what imaging modality
Polyarteritis nodosa and CT angiogram
50
What is polyarteritis nodosa associated with
Hepatitis B
51
Symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa
``` Constitutional upset Skin rash Abdominal pain Rectal bleeding Peripheral neuropathy Renal failure Hypertension ```
52
Definition of polyarteritis nodosa
a rare type of vasculitis that affects medium-sized vessels.
53
What triad is seen in granulomatosis with polyangitis
Upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, nose bleeds) Lower respiratory tract (haemoptysis) Kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
54
What is Wegener's disease also known as
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
55
What triad is seen in Wegener's disease
Upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, nose bleeds) Lower respiratory tract (haemoptysis) Kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
56
What big sign suggests Wegener;'s granulomatosis
Saddle nose
57
Ix for Wegener's granulomatosis (2)
cANCA | CXR - cavitating lesions
58
Three phases of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
Allergic – asthma/rhinitis Eosinophilic – high eosinophils can cause tissue damage (mainly in the lungs and GIT) Vasculitic – can lead to widespread organ damage and death
59
Features of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (4)
haemoptysis, rash, focal neuropathy, kidney damage
60
Which antibody is Wegener's associated with
Cytoplasmic ANCA
61
Which antibody is Churg-Strauss associated with
Perinuclear ANCA
62
Which disease is pANCA associated with
Churg strauss syndrome
63
What is Churg Strauss syndrome also known as
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
64
What is eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis also known as
Churg Strauss syndrome
65
What is Behcets disease associated with
HLA-B51
66
Triad seen in Behcets disease
Recurrent oral ulcers Genital ulcers Uveitis
67
S/s of Behcet's disease (7)
Recurrent oral ulcers Genital ulcers Uveitis ``` also Rash (e.g. erythema nodosum) Arthritis Pericarditis Colitis ```
68
Ix for Behcets disease
Clinical diagnosis | Pathergy test – needle prick becomes inflamed and sterile pustule develops within 48 hrs
69
Triad in Goodpasture's syndrome
Glomerulonephritis Haemoptysis (pulmonary haemorrhage) Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
70
Triad in Heinloch Schonlein Purpura
Purpuric rash on buttocks and extensors of lower limbs Abdominal pain Arthralgia
71
Demographic of Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Affects 3-15 yr old children
72
Which Ig is involved in Henoch Schonlein purpura
IgA vasculitis
73
Which anti-body is involved in good pasture's syndrome
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
74
Which antibody is involved in dermatomyositis
Anti-Mi2
75
What is the difference between polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Dermatomyositis involves the skin usually of the hands and eyelids
76
Which antibody is usually raised in both types of scleroderma
ANA
77
What is scleroderma usually associated with
Sjogrens syndrome

Y3 MedEd (34 decks)

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