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Paramedicine > Airway > Flashcards

Airway Flashcards

1
Q

Laryngoscope Indications

A

Pt in altered conscious state, requiring inspection of airway

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2
Q

Laryngoscope Contraindications

A

Nil

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3
Q

Laryngoscope Precautions

A

nil

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4
Q

Nasopharyngeal Airway Indications

A

Support airway patency in the unconscious pt. May be preferable in pts with trismus, gag reflex, oral trauma, or in addition to other airways.

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5
Q

Nasopharyngeal Airway Contraindications

A

None

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6
Q

Nasopharyngeal Airway Precautions

A
  • Facial fractures and suspected basal skull fractures (any CSF from nares or ears)
  • TBI/nTBI - gag reflex can worsen ICP. only use if absolutely necessary.
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7
Q

Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA) Indications

A
  • Unconscious pt with where there is a need to maintain airway patency
  • Bite block in the intubated pt
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8
Q

OPA Contraindications

A
  • Trismus
  • Gag reflex
  • TBI/nTBI with adequate ventilation/oxygenation
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9
Q

OPA precautions

A

nil

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10
Q

Management of choking pt

A
  • Encourage pt to cough
  • Manual airway clearance
  • 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts alternated
  • Laryngoscopy/Magills/Suction
  • 5 ventilations and 5 compressions
  • Alternate 5 compressions and airway inspection until obstruction resolves/pt arrests
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11
Q

Indications of LMA

A
  • Unconscious pt without gag reflex
  • Ineffective ventilation with BVM and basic airway management
  • > 10 minutes assisted ventilations required
  • Unable to intubate
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12
Q

Contraindications of LMA

A
  • Intact gag reflex or resistance to insertion
  • Strong jaw tone or trismus
  • Suspected epiglotittis or upper airway obstruction
  • The use of sedation to assist placement is contraindicated
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13
Q

Precautions of LMA

A
  • Inability to prepare pt into sniffing position
  • Pts who require high airway pressures (advanced pregnancy, morbid obesity, decreased pulmonary compliance, increased airway resistance ie severe asthma)
  • Paediatric pts with enlarged tonsils
  • Vomit in the airway
    FAT KIDS SNIFF VOMIT
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14
Q

LMA sizes

A

Orange - size 5 - 90kgs+ - gastric tube size 14
Green - size 4 - 50-90kgs - gastric tube size 12
Yellow - size 3 - 30-60kgs - gastric tube size 12

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15
Q

CPAP contraindications

A
  • Altered conscious state
  • Active vomiting/excess secretions
  • UAO
  • Hypoventilation
  • TPT that is untreated
  • Haemodynamic instability (severe hypotension, untreated ventricular arrhythmias)
  • Airway management required
  • Injuries precluding mask application
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16
Q
A
17
Q

CPAP Precautions

A

Pts with the following should be monitored for TPT or haemodynamic compromise following CPAP:

  • Hypovolaemia
  • post chest decompression
  • RVF
18
Q

How many litres of O2 flow required for CPAP and what pressure do we want to achieve?

A

Minimum 8 litres/min

Adjust oxygen flow meter until a pressure of 10 cmH2O is
obtained. Do not exceed this.

A flow rate of 12-14 L/min will typically be
required.

19
Q

Oxygen - Critical Illness

A

Initial high flow - then titrate for:

  • Cardiac arrest
  • Major trauma/head injury
  • Shock
  • Severe sepsis
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Status Epilepticus
  • Ketamine Sedation
20
Q

Oxygen - Chronic Hypoxaemia Conditions

A

Titrate o2 to 88-92% for:

  • COPD
  • Neuromuscular disorders
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Severe kyphoscoliosis
  • Obesity
21
Q

Oxygen - Conditions requiring constant high flow O2

A

High flow o2 regardless of SpO2 for:

  • Toxic inhalation exposure
  • Decompression illness
  • Cord prolapse
  • Postpartum haemorrhage
  • Shoulder dystocia
  • Cluster headache
22
Q

Suction Indications

A

Suspected fluid obstruction in airway or airway device

23
Q

Suction precautions

A
  • Epiglottitis - stimulation may cause complete obstruction

- Croup - does not normally need suction. May worsen swelling and distress

24
Q

Suction contraindications

A

nil

25
Q

BVM indications

A
  • Apnoea

- Hypoventilations

Paramedicine (13 decks)

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