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Flashcards in AKI Deck (15)
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1
Q

what is the serum creatinine + urine output criteria for STAGE 1 AKI

A

increase of serum creatinine by more than 26umol/l within 48 hours

<0.5ml/kg/hour for > 6 consecutive hours

2
Q

what is the serum creatinine + urine output criteria for STAGE 2 AKI

A

increase >2-2.9 times reference of serum creatinine

<0.5ml/kg/hour for > 12 hours

3
Q

what is the serum creatinine + urine output criteria for STAGE 3 AKI

A

increase > 3 x reference level serum creatinine

<0.3ml/kg/hour for > 24 hours
OR anuria for 12 hours

4
Q

what on a urine dipstick indicates intrinsic renal disease?

A

> 3+ protein

5
Q

What are the 4 complications that arise from AKI that indicate dialysis if not controlled with medical therapy?

A
  1. Pulmonary oedema
  2. Hyperkalaemia
  3. Metabolic acidosis
  4. Uraemic encephalopathy (confusion, coma, seizure, myoclonic jerks) or Uraemic pericarditis
6
Q

What is the SALFORD checklist?

A

A checklist to improve the care of patients with AKI

S - sepsis
A - assess and review; ACEi, ARBs, NSAIDs
L - labs - repeat daily U+E’s, repeat creatinine within 24 hours
F - fluid assessment; daily weights, urine output, fluid balance chart, if hypovolemic = 250 mls IV bolus
O - obstruction;USS within 24 hrs in non resolving AKI 3
R - renal/critical care referral
D - Dip urine + record

7
Q

what does the histology of acute tubular necrosis show?

A

sloughing of the renal tubular endothelium causing dilation and obstruction of tubules and some mild leucocyte infiltration

8
Q

what are the 3 phases of acute tubular necrosis?

A

1) oliguric phase
2) maintenance phase
3) polyuric recovery phase

9
Q

what is average urine output?

A

0.5-1 ml/kg/hour

10
Q

what is average fluid intake?

A

30ml/kgl

11
Q

name cyrstalloids

A
  • NaCl 0.9% (saline)
  • hartmans solution
  • Glucose 5%
12
Q

what is the role of colloid fluids? and name 2

A

Contain large molecules such as gelatin and responsible for expanding intravascular space.
carry a small risk of anaphylaxis

  • isoplex and volplex
13
Q

what are the 3 components of blood products?

A

Packed red blood cells
Platelets
Fresh frozen plasma

14
Q

name 2 medications that have the side effect of hyponatraemia

A
  • omeprazole

- furosemide

15
Q

vitamin d replacement medication name

A

ALFACALCIDOL