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GI > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

how many units per week

A

14

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2
Q

how many deaths per year in scotland

A

3000

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3
Q

are women or men more likely to get cirrhosis in scotland

A

women- 80% of all cases caused by alcohol

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4
Q

what are the acute effects of excessive alcohol consumption

A

CNS

  • accidents
  • violence

GI

  • oesophagitis
  • gastritis/ulceration

Resp

  • overdose
  • aspiration
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5
Q

what GI organs are most affected by chronic alcohol consumption

A

stomach, liver and pancrease

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6
Q

what are the cardio effects of chronic alcohol comsumption

A

hypertension
cardiomyopathy
MI
stroke

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7
Q

what are the CNS effects of chronic alcohol consumption

A
  • neuropathies
  • cerebellar degeneration
  • dementia
  • wernicke-korsakoffs syndrome (thiamine (B12) deficiency)
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8
Q

what are the effects of underage drinking on the brain

A

smaller hippocampal memory areas

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9
Q

what are the hematological effects of excessive alcohol consumption

A

anaemia

bone marrow suppression

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10
Q

what are the musculoskeletal effects of excessive alcohol consumption

A

proximal myopathy (muscle weakness, loss, inflammation and pain)

oestoperosis

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11
Q

what other systems are affected by excessive alcohol consumption

A

endocrine

dermatologic

reproductive

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12
Q

what are the results of foetal alcohol syndrome

A

growth deficiency, mental retardation/intellectual impairment, attentional learning disabilities & behavioural problems

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13
Q

what are the alcohol related liver diseases

A

cirrhosis

alcoholic hepatitis

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14
Q

what is the main pathway of alcohol metabolism

A

ethanol- acetaldehyde- acetate

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15
Q

what are the pathological factors caused by alcohol that lead to alcoholic hepatitis

A

inflammation- hepatocyte injury- fibrosis- impaired regeneration

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16
Q

what is steatosis

A

fatty liver, caused by alcohol

17
Q

what is steatohepatits

A

alcoholic hepatitis

18
Q

is cirrhosis reversible

A

no

19
Q

how many drinkers will develop cirrhosis

A

Alcoholic Fatty Liver 90%

Alcoholic Hepatitis 10-30%

Alcohol related Cirrhosis 30%

less than 10% of heavy alcohol abusers will develop cirrhosis

20
Q

what are the symptoms of worsening liver disease from steatosis to death via hepatitis and cirrhosis

A 
Malaise
Nausea
Hepatomegaly
Fever
Jaundice
Sepsis
Encephalopathy
Ascites
Renal Failure
Death
21
Q

what can slow the progression of liver disease

A

stop drinking duh

22
Q

what are the clinical signs of chronic liver disease

A

stigmata: spiders, fetor, encephalopathy
‘synthetic dysfunction’
prolonged prothrombin time, hypoalbuminaemia

23
Q

what are the clinical sings of portal hypertension

A
  • caput medusa
  • hypersplenism
  • Thrombocytopenia (pancytopenia)
24
Q

what score is used to grade cirrhosis

A

childs-turcotte-pugh

25
Q

what is alcoholic hepatitis

A

acute inflammation of the liver due to alcohol

26
Q

what are the essential features of alcoholic hepatitis

A

recent excess alcohol
Bilirubin > 80micromol/l
exclusion of other liver disease
AST < 500 (AST: ALT ratio >1.5)

27
Q

what are the clinical features of alcoholic hepatitis

A

hepatomegaly +/- fever +/- leucocytosis (increased white blood cells) +/- hepatic bruit

28
Q

what can score alcoholic hepatitis

A

maddreys, GAHS

29
Q

what can be used treat alcoholic hepatitis

A

steroids (prednisolone)

PTX (pentoxifylline)

30
Q

what is HRS

A

hepatorenal syndrome- deterioration in liver function

31
Q

are you more/less likely to stop drinking if you have more/less severe liver disease

A

more likely to abstain when you have severe liver disease

32
Q

what is the treatment for cirrhosis

A

abstinence

33
Q

what is the minimum price for 1 unit of alcohol

A

50p

34
Q

what cultural changed could reduce alcohol consumption

A

education
taxation
prohibition

GI (64 decks)

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