Alimentary 5 - Intestinal Pathogens

Question 1

Yellowish watery diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, lethargy, depression

Typically occurs around time of weaning, so when for diary calves and when for piglets?

Answer 1

Rotavirus

Calves-1st wk
Piglets 7 wks

Question 2

Where does Rotavirus infect in the body?

Answer 2

Enterocytes of the upper 2/3 of the intestinal villus

Question 3

What is the primary cause of diarrhea in a Rotavirus infection

Answer 3

Malabsorption due to enterocyte death and shortening of the affected villi

Question 4

What is similar to rotavirus but is more virulent causing a longer and more severe dz w/high mortality than rota

Answer 4

Corona

Question 5

Whats a very important coronavirus disease in swine production?

Answer 5

Transmissible gastroenteritis

Question 6

What virus causes subclinical respiratory dz and clinically significant enteric dz?

Answer 6

Adenovirus

Question 7

Enterotoxic Colibacillosis most commonly affects who?

Answer 7

Calves and piglets form 2d - 3wks

Question 8

What causes Edema Dz in pigs?

Answer 8

Enterotoxic Colibacillosis

Question 9

Whats the pathogenesis behind enterotoxic cholibacillosis?

Answer 9

ETEC use fimbriae to adhere to intestinal mucosa and secrete enterotoxins
They stimulate cAMP and cGMP pathways within the enterocytes leading to Cl secretion; water and sodium ions follow leading to diarrhea

Question 10

What are your 3 dz E coli can cause?

Answer 10

Enterotoxigenic

Enterohemorrhagic

Enteropathogenic

Question 11

Whats the pathogenesis behind enteropathogenic?

Answer 11

“Attaching and Effacing Ecoli”

Enterocyte BB is disrupted by AEEC. The loss of the BB leads to villous atrophy and diarrhea due to malabsorption

AEEC alters tight junction proteins btw enterocytes resulting in leakages of fluids into the lumen of the gut

Question 12

Which E Coli has a shiga-like toxin aka verotoxin?

Answer 12

Enterohemorrhagic E coli

Question 13

What bacteria is an important zoonotic pathogen that dogs and cats rarely suffer from, but 10% are carriers transmitting to humans?

What are the 3 forms of the dz?

Answer 13

Salmonellosis

Peracute
Acute
Chronic

Question 14

Which form of salmonella can cause endotoxin mediated endothelial damage that leads to thrombosis, vascular fibrinoid necrosis, DIC, septic shock and death?

Answer 14

Peracute

Question 15

Who does acute enteric salmonellosis effect?

Answer 15

Horses, cattle and pigs

Question 16

What does the gross lesion of acute enteric salmonellosis look like?

Answer 16

Diffuse catarrhal enteritis with fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis

Question 17

Fibrinous cholecystits at necropsy is strongly suggestive for what dz? and what spp?

Answer 17

Acute enteric salmonellosis

Calves

Question 18

What dz causes characteristic lesions observed in the pig that are termed button ulcers?

Answer 18

Chronic enteric salmonellosis

Question 19

What is another lesion of Chronic enteric salmonellosis?

Answer 19

Rectal stricture caused by vascular thrombosis of the cranial hemorrhoidal artery and infarction of the rectum with fibrosis and stricture

Question 20

What is the only G - Clostridium?

Answer 20

Piliforme

Question 21

Is clostridium perfringes contagious?

Is it anerobic or aerobic?

Answer 21

No

its acquired from the environment or GI tract

Anaerobic

Question 22

Clostridial perfringes dz 2 categories?

Answer 22

Localized effect

Systemic effect

Question 23

What do the gross lesions for clostridium perf. look like?

Answer 23

Diffuse hemorrhagic enteritis with the entire serosal and mucosal layers becoming dark red and sometimes emphysematous

Question 24

What are the different kinds of toxins clostridium perf produces?

Answer 24

Alpha
Beta
Epsilon
Iota

Question 25

Which type of Clostridium is most common that causes a milder enterocolitis. Numerous Dz and lots of spp?

Answer 25

perf Type A

Question 26

This type of Clost. produces alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins.

Answer 26

perf Type B

Question 27

This Clost. causes more severe often fatal dz of the very young such as?

Answer 27

perf B lamb dysentery Hemorrhagic enteritis of neonatal calves and foals

Question 28

This type of Clost only produces alpha and beta

Answer 28

perf A+B=C

Question 29

What type of Clost can cause dz in adults which is known as Struck?

Answer 29

perf Type C

Question 30

This type of Clost causes dz of adult sheep, goats, and feedlot cattle. Observed in the winter and early spring and is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis with ulceration of the SI mucosa

Answer 30

perf C

Question 31

This type produces Alpha and epsilon toxins

Answer 31

perf D

Question 32

This type Clost affects fattening sheep, goats, and calves and is often diet related. Aka overeating dz

Answer 32

perf D

Question 33

Why can overeating lead to Type D Clost infections?

Answer 33

High carb load leads to overgrowth of Clos and accumulation of toxins which are absorbed systemically.

Question 34

What happens with systemic toxicity with Clost D infections?

Answer 34

Endothelial damage leading to multisystemic hemorrhages.

Question 35

Whats the etiologic agent of Equine Acute clostridial tyhplocolitis?

Answer 35

Clost difficile

Question 36

Whats the etiologic agent behind Tyzzers dz?

Answer 36

Clost piliforme

Question 37

What animals is Tyzzers dz common in?

Answer 37

Rodents Rabbits Foals

Question 38

Path/ Lesion of Tyzzers dz in foals?

Answer 38

After translocation from the GI, it targets the liver with Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis with abundant intracellular bacilli visible with SILVER stains.

Question 39

What is the cause of proliferative segmental enteropathy?

Answer 39

Lawsonia intracellularis

Question 40

Whats the pathogenesis with lawsoniasis?

Answer 40

Bact invades into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa

Question 41

What is a common diarrheal dz of growing-finishing and young breeding pigs characterized by hyperplasia and inflammation of the ileum and colon.

Answer 41

Porcine proliferative enteritis

Question 42

Whats a zoonotic infection from asymptomatic poultry and swine? Usually causes food poisoning?

Answer 42

Campylobacteriosis

Question 43

What bacteria gain entry into the bloodstream after invading from the intestinal lumen through the M CELLS?

Answer 43

Yersinia

Question 44

What causes widespread lymphoid necrosis in the intestine with microabscesses and granulomas in the lamina propria and crypts?

Answer 44

Yersiniosis

Question 45

What causes chronic wasting dz w/granulomatous enteritis and lymphandenitis with thickening of the intestine?

Answer 45

Mycobacterium avium sspp paratuberculosis

Question 46

What is a common neoplasm in dogs, and esp in cats

Answer 46

Alimentary lymphoma