Allergic Disorder

Question 1

Allergy Definition

Answer 1

Inappropriate immune response to normally harmless allergen

Question 2

Allergen

Answer 2

foreign particles which produce IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

Allergen binds to sensitised mast cells, leading to the release of histamine
Sensitisation occurs after initial exposure to the antigen, resulting in the production of antigen-specific IgE antibodies.
Subsequent exposure to the allergen triggers an allergic reaction causing inflammation mediated by histamine, cytokines and prostaglandins.

Question 4

Risk factors

Answer 4

Atopy (genetic predisposition)
Exposure to environmental triggers

Question 5

Signs and symptoms

Answer 5

Rash
Asthma
Rhinitis
Conjunctivitis
Diarrhoea + Vomiting
Anaphylaxis

Question 6

Diagnosis

Answer 6

History to identify trigger allergens
Skin prick test and patch testing

Question 7

Treatment

Answer 7

Avoid allergen
Topical treatments, nasal sprays, eye drops, steroids
Oral steroids antihistamines or steroids