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Bacte Finals > Anaerobes > Flashcards

Anaerobes Flashcards

1
Q

refers to microorganism that require elevated concentrated of CO2

A

capnophiles

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2
Q

the oxygen needed for microaerophiles

A

2-10%

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3
Q

clostridium are spore-formers which known to produce ___toxins

A

neurotoxins

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4
Q

causative of:
- gas gangrene
- eating expired bloated canned goods

A

c. perfringens

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5
Q

c. tetani is the causative agent of ___

A

tetanus or lockjaw

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6
Q

c. botulinum is the causative agent of?

A

botulism

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7
Q

c. difficile is the causative agent of ___

A

pseudomembranous colitis

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8
Q

clostridium are known to produce terminal spores specifically refer as the ___-shaped

A

drumstick or tennis racquet shaped

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9
Q

c. perfringes can cause what diseases?

A
  • cellulitis
  • fasciitis
  • myonecrosis
  • necrotizing enteritis
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10
Q

referred to as gas formation in the soft tissue which is caused by c. perfringes

A

cellulitis

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11
Q

this disease is also known as the suppurative myositis which is the accumulation of gas in the muscle planes

A

fasciitis

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12
Q

gas gangrene is also known as ____

A

myonecrosis

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13
Q

necrotizing enteritis is also known as ___ which is a fatal disease in children in New Guinea

A

pigbel

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14
Q

what toxin of c. perfringes that is associated with the pigbel?

A

beta-toxin

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15
Q

this microorganism occur in patient with tumors

A

c. bacteremia

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16
Q

anaerobes tend to produce ___ on skin surface.

A

bubbles

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17
Q

c. perfringens are known to cause ___ in milk acidity test noted by clot torn by gas in ___ hours

A

storming fermentation in milk acidity test noted by clot torn by gas in 24 hours

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18
Q

c. perfringens is the most common isolated which is found in the ___ as part of normal flora

A

gastrointestinal tract

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19
Q

biochemical characteristics of c. perfringes

A
  • lipase negative
  • indole negative
  • lecithinase positive
  • reverse CAMP positive
  • Nagler test positive
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20
Q

most clostridium infection is associated with __

A

gas bubbles

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21
Q

lethal toxin type of isolate that causes most human infection

A

type A

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22
Q

c. perfringens type of hemolysis

A

double zone of beta hemolysis

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23
Q

botulism is associated with the production of what type of neurotoxin?

A

botulin neurotoxin

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24
Q

patient with botulism will experience __

A

spasm

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25
Q

c. tetani appears as thin bacilli with terminal spores appearing as ___

A

snowshoe or tennis racquet

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26
Q

toxin produced responsible for the manifestation of tetanus

A

tetanospasmin

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27
Q

biochemical characteristics of clostridium tetani

A
  • lecithinase negative
  • urease negative
  • lipase weak positive
  • indole variable
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28
Q

this specie is an oxygen sensitive which more or less it is not cultured

A

c. tetani

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29
Q

the condition is associated with lockjaw which also called as __

A

devil’s grin

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30
Q

this organism is associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous enterocolitis

A

c. difficile

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31
Q

antibiotics associated with diarrhea caused by c. difficile

A
  • cephalosporin
  • ampicilin
  • clindamycin
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32
Q

gram morphology of c. difficile and the associated odor

A

in chains
“horse-stable odor”

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33
Q

this is the one that is cultured because there is a selective media for this specie

A

c. difficile

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34
Q

c. difficile produces a ___ colony on CCFA

A

yellow ground-glass colony

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35
Q

c. difficile is demonstrated as ___ when exposed to UV light

A

chartreus flourescence

36
Q

in c. difficile, the Nagler reaction will test for the production of __

A

alpha-toxin

37
Q

these anaerobes are bile-resistant

A

bacteriodes fragilis

38
Q

what is bile-resistant?

A

grow in broth with 20% bile

39
Q

colony characteristics of b. fragilis on bacteriodes bile esculin agar

A

black colonies because they hydrolyzes esculin

40
Q

Cycloserine Cefoxitin Fructose Agar purpose

A

to facilitate the isolation of C. difficile from fecal specimens

41
Q

This transport system usually has a tube with a rubber septum.

A

anaerobic transport system

42
Q

ideal specimen for anaerobes

A

fluid specimens drawn via syringe with rubber septum

43
Q

t or f: swab specimens is also applicable for anaerobes

A

true
after the specimen has been collected, the swab is inserted back into the inner tube. Agar on the bottom of the outer tube contains an oxygen tension indicator.

44
Q

specimen of choice for anaerobes

a. swabs
b. tissue
b. fluid
c. both a and b
d. aotc

A

D.
all of them can be utilized as long as it is in the proper anaerobic transport system

45
Q

for tissue specimens, tissue is placed on a small amount of ___ to keep it moist.

A

saline

46
Q

self-contained atmosphere- generating anaerobic bag for transportation

A

GasPak pouch

47
Q

enumerate the common anaerobic media

A
  • Anaerobic blood agar
  • Bacteriodes bile esculin
  • Laked kanamycin-vancomycin
  • Anaerobic phenylethyl alcohol agar
  • Egg yolk agar
  • Cycloserine cefoxitine fructose agar
  • Cooked meat broth
  • Peptone-yeast extract glucose broth
  • Thioglycollate broth
48
Q

to determine anaerobes (Gram staining and subculture in BAP and CHOC):
if gram positive cocci, add __

A

nitrite and SPS

49
Q

to determine anaerobes (Gram staining and subculture in BAP and CHOC):
if gram positive bacilli, add __

A

nitrite

50
Q

to determine anaerobes (Gram staining and subculture in BAP and CHOC):
if gram negative, add __

A
  • kanomycin
  • vancomycin
  • colistin disk in 1st quadrant
  • nitrite disk in 2nd quadrant
51
Q

to determine anaerobes: after gram staining and subculture, incubate it anaerobically at ___ for __ hrs

A

incubate it anaerobically at 37C for 24-48 hrs

52
Q

gram - cocci anaerobe

A

veillonella

53
Q

gram + bacilli anaerobe

A

clostridium

54
Q

enumerate the antibiotic disks

A
  • nitrate disk
  • isodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) disk
  • bile disk
55
Q

this disk may be placed on the second quadrant for subsequent determination of nitrate reduction

A

nitrate disk

56
Q

disk placed near colistin for rapid presumptive identification of peptostreptococcus anaerobius

A

Isodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) Disk

57
Q

This disk may be added to the second quadrant to detect bile inhibition if gram-negative rods are seen on gram staining.

A

bile disk

58
Q

there could be positive gram stain but a negative culture, this could be because __

A
  • poor transport methods (exposed to oxygen)
  • excessive exposure to air during specimen processing
  • failure of the system to achieve anaerobic
    atmosphere
  • inadequate types of media or old media used
  • microorganisms have been killed by antimicrobial
    therapy
59
Q

odor produced by c. difficile in brucella blood agar and will fluoresce ___ under UV light

A
  • barnyard odor
  • fluoresce chartreuse under UV light
60
Q

this specie exhibit swarming on brucella blood agar

A

c. tetani

61
Q

production apperance of lecithinase in egg yolk for the growth of clostridia

A

opaque white precipitate

62
Q

this is used to differentiate among clostridium spp., and to identify some fusobacterium spp.,

A

iridescent sheen on the surface of colony

63
Q

positive color nitrate disk test

A

red

64
Q

reagents used in nitrate disk test

A
  • sulfanilic acid
  • alpha-naphthylamine
65
Q

test for presence of tryptophanase

A

spot indole disk test

66
Q

this will indicate a positive indole

A

greenish-blue color

67
Q

used to help differentiate among some fusobacterium, proprionibacterium, porphyromonas, prevotella, peptostreptococcus

A

indole

68
Q

spot indole test: after the disk has become moist (5 mins), a drop of ___ is placed on the disk

A

paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

69
Q

the only anaerobic gram + coccus that is inhibited by SPS

A

peptostreptococcus anaerobius

70
Q

b. fragilis grow best on what agar?

A

brucella blood agar

71
Q

this specie will fluoresce brick red under UV light on brucella blood agar

A

Prevotella melaninogenica

72
Q

referred to as anaerobic diphtherioids

A

Proprionibacterium acnes

73
Q

colony appearance of F. nucleatum on BBE agar

A

dry, white, breadcrumblike

74
Q

this species fluoresce red under UV light on an anaerobic blood agar

A

porphydromonas

75
Q

enumerate the gram + clostridium

A
  • P. anaerobius
  • Actinomyces israelii
  • Proprionibacterium acnes
76
Q

short rods; may appear “spidery” club-shaped pleomorphic diphtheroid-like

A

P. acnes

77
Q

colony appearance of A. israelii

A

white; opaque “molar tooth”

78
Q

what specie is associated?

this can be seen in:
- post cataract surgery
- ventricular shunt infection
- infrequent cause of endocariditis, osteomyelitis

A

P. acnes

79
Q

most common cause genital, pulmonary, abdominal actinomycosis

A

A. israelii

80
Q

enumerate the gram - rods

A
  • Bacteriodes urealyticus
  • Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus
  • Prevotella disiens and P. bivia
  • F. nucleatum
  • F. necrophorum
  • F. mortiferum
81
Q

normal flora and can be involved in pelvic abscesses

A

Prevotella disiens and P. bivia

82
Q
  • round and often “bizarre” forms seen
  • bile susceptible
  • indole +
  • lipase +
A

F. necrophorum

83
Q

associated with Lemierre’s syndrome

A

F. necrophorum

84
Q

indole posi gram + bacilli

A

P. asaccharolyticus

85
Q

B. fragilis kanamycin, vancomycin, colistin result

A

KVC resistant

86
Q

catalase and indole + anaerobic gram-posi bacilli

A

P. acnes

Bacte Finals (5 decks)

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