ANAPHY FINALS ANS

Question 1

Causes contraction of skeletal muscles
Voluntary

Answer 1

Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

Controls cardiac and smooth muscle and glands
Involuntary
Helps maintain homeostasis

Answer 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 3

What does ANS primarily innervates?

Answer 3

Internal organs

Question 4

Two divisions of Ans

Answer 4

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System

Question 5

What type of innervation that most organs receive from both divisions?

Answer 5

Dual innervation

Question 6

What does the Sympathetic Division of the Autonomic Nervous System do?

Answer 6

It responds to a threat to our homeostasis or stress and enables survival
-increases oxygen delivered to our skeletal muscles
-increases sweating
-blood is shifted away from the digestive system and toward the skeletal muscle
-pupils dilate
-brain becomes alert

Question 7

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 7

Active when body is not stressed or under a threat
“Rest and digest”
-lacrimation
-salivation
-digestion
-urination
-defecation
-sexual arousal

Question 8

What are the synapses of ANS?

Answer 8

Cholinergic
Adrenergic

Question 9

What is the cholinergic synapse?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine (ACh) is a nerotransmitter released

Question 10

What is the adrenergic synapse?

Answer 10

Norepinephrine

Question 11

Types of Cholinergic Receptors

Answer 11

Nicotinic and Muscarinic

Question 12

Endogenous ligand- acetylcholine
Exogenous ligand- nicotine
Chemically gated ion channel

Answer 12

Nicotinic

Question 13

Endogenous ligand-acetylcholine
Exogenous ligand-muscarine
Trigger changes in cell without allowing ions to pass through membrane

Answer 13

Muscarinic

Question 14

It depolarizes postsynaptic cell; causes contraction or a new action potential

Answer 14

Nicotinic

Question 15

It can have excitatory effects or inhibitory effects ; it is not an ion channel so does not directly affect membrane potential

Answer 15

Muscarinic

Question 16

It is located in the adrenal medulla, all skeletal neuromuscular junctions, postganglionic neurons throughout the ANS, some CNS synapse

Answer 16

Nicotinic

Question 17

It is located at all target tissues of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

Muscarinic

Question 18

Types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 18

Alpha and Beta receptors

Question 19

Located in skin, GI and pelvic organs, and blood vessels
Causes contraction of smooth muscles

Answer 19

a1

Question 20

Found in pancreas, platelets, brain, and spinal cord
-ihibit insulin release
-promote blood clot

Answer 20

a2

Question 21

Found in heart and kidney
- increase heart rate, force of contraction, and secretion of renin

Answer 21

b1

Question 22

Found in blood vessels, lungs, uterus, stomach, and small intestines
- cause relaxation of smooth muscles

Answer 22

b2

Question 23

Found in adipose tissue
-breakdown of lipids

Answer 23

b3

Question 24

Used at cholinergic synapses

Answer 24

Acetylcholine

Question 25

Used at adrenergic synapses

Answer 25

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 26

Helps maintain internal homeostasis

Answer 26

Autonomic Reflexes

Question 27

Why is autonomic reflex important? It maintains parameters like?

Answer 27

Blood Pressure Heart rate Airway diameter Digestive activity

Question 28

Autonomic reflex arcs are similar to

Answer 28

Somatic reflex arcs

Question 29

_____ are smooth in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Answer 29

Effectors

Question 30

What are the structure of reflexes?

Answer 30

Afferent branch Efferent branch

Question 31

Afferent branch

Answer 31

Single neuron

Question 32

Sensory info comes from _____, ______, and ________

Answer 32

Somatic, special senses, and viscera

Question 33

Some _____ sensations are not consciously perceived

Answer 33

Visceral

Question 34

Efferent branch

Answer 34

Two neurons

Question 35

Preganglionic neurons synapses with _____ in a ganglion

Answer 35

Postganglionic neurons

Question 36

Projects to target tissue

Answer 36

Postganglionic neuron

Question 37

Combinations of sympathetic and parasympathetic axons

Answer 37

Autonomic plexuses

Question 38

Types of autonomic plexus

Answer 38

Cardiac Pulmonary Esophageal Abdominal aortic

Question 39

Subdivisions in autonomic plexus (abdominal aorta)

Answer 39

Celiac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, and hypogastric plexus

Question 40

These 3 receive only sympathetic innervation

Answer 40

Blood vessels, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles

Question 41

Lower heart rate, increased GI activity, pupil dilation, airway constriction, decrease breathing rate

Answer 41

Parasympathetic dominance

Question 42

Increased heart rate, decreased GI activity, pupil constriction, airway dilation, increased breathing rate

Answer 42

Sympathetic dominance

Question 43

Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance when an organ is at rest

Answer 43

Autonomic Tone

Question 44

Dominates the heart at rest -lowers heart rate to normal range

Answer 44

Parasympathetic tone

Question 45

Dominates blood vessels at rest -adjusts constriction of vessels to maintain blood pressure

Answer 45

Sympathetic tone

Question 46

______ helps body response to stress

Answer 46

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 47

The aim is to increase nutrients in blood and deliver more blood to head and muscles

Answer 47

ANS

Question 48

Stress response results in:

Answer 48

1. Lipid breakdown and increased blood glucose 2. Airway dilation for increased oxygen in blood 3. Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles ; decreased blood flow to viscera 4. Higher blood pressure to increase speed of delivery to brain and muscles

Question 49

It helps in stress

Answer 49

Endocrine hormones