Anatomical Movement & Location (Biomechanics)

Question 1

Anterior (Ventral)

Answer 1

Front of the body or toward the front relative to another reference point.

Question 2

Posterior

Answer 2

Back of the body or toward the back relative to another reference point.

Question 3

Superior

Answer 3

Above a reference point.

Question 4

Inferior

Answer 4

Below a reference point.

Question 5

Proximal

Answer 5

Position closer to the center of the body relative to a reference point.

Question 6

Distal

Answer 6

Position farther from the reference point.

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Position relatively closer to the midline of the body.

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Position relatively farther from the midline of the body.

Question 9

Prone

Answer 9

Lying facedown.

Question 10

Supine

Answer 10

Lying face up.

Question 11

Deep

Answer 11

Further beneath the surface relative to another reference point.

Question 12

Superficial

Answer 12

Closer to the surface relative to another reference point.

Question 13

Unilateral

Answer 13

Refers to only one side.

Question 14

Bilateral

Answer 14

Refers to both sides.

Question 15

Ipsilateral

Answer 15

On the same side.

Question 16

Contralateral

Answer 16

On the opposite side.

Question 17

Caudal

Answer 17

Toward the bottom.

Question 18

Cephalic

Answer 18

Toward the head.

Question 19

Volar

Answer 19

Relating to the palm of the hand or sole of the foot.

Question 20

Abduction

Answer 20

Movement away from the midline.

Question 21

Adduction

Answer 21

Movement toward the midline.

Question 22

Flexion

Answer 22

Movement decreasing the angle between two body parts.

Question 23

Extension

Answer 23

Movement increasing the angle between two body parts.

Question 24

Lateral Flexion

Answer 24

Flexion in the frontal plane.

Question 25

Protraction

Answer 25

Abduction of the scapula.

Question 26

Retraction

Answer 26

Adduction of the scapula.

Question 27

Elevation

Answer 27

Movement in a superior direction.

Question 28

Depression

Answer 28

Movement in an inferior direction.

Question 29

Plantar Flexion

Answer 29

Extension of the foot downward (inferiorly)

Question 30

Dorsiflexion

Answer 30

Flexion of the foot upward (superiorly).

Question 31

External Rotation

Answer 31

Rotational movement away from the midline.

Question 32

Internal Rotation

Answer 32

Rotational movement toward the midline

Question 33

Circumduction

Answer 33

Circular movement of a limb extending from the joint where the movement is controlled.

Question 34

Inversion

Answer 34

Movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane.

Question 35

Eversion

Answer 35

Movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Question 36

Pronation

Answer 36

Turning the palm or arch of the foot down.

Question 37

Supination

Answer 37

Turning the palm or arch of the foot up.

Question 38

Hyperextension

Answer 38

Position that extends beyond anatomical neutral.

Question 39

Ipsilateral

Answer 39

Same-side movement.

Question 40

Contralateral

Answer 40

Opposite-side movement.

Question 41

Lateral

Answer 41

Situated away from the midline.

Question 42

Medial

Answer 42

Situated toward or closer to the midline.