What are the main parts of a neuron
body (soma)
dendrite
myelin sheath
axon/nerve fibre
what are the most common types of neurones
multipolar ( cell body in cns)
unipolar (body in PNS)
what is a nerve cell body in the cns
nucleus
what is a nerve cell body in the pns
ganglion
what is a bundle of axons in the cns
tract
what is a bundle of axons in the pns
nerve
which cranial nerves are special sensory
I, II, VIII
which cranial nerves are somatic motor
IV, VI, XI, XII
where do spinal nerves supply
the soma
where are spinal nerves located
the intervertebral foramina
where do all sensory axons pass
from the spinal nerve to the posterior root and rootlets and then the posterior horn
where do all motor axons pass
fromt he anterior horn of the spinal cord to the anterior rootlets then the anterior root then the spinal nerve
which cranial nerves are mixed
oculomotor trigeminal facial glossopharyngeal vagus
what are nerve plexuses
intertwined ANTERIOR RAMI
what is innervated by the cervical plexus
C1-4
posterior scalp, neck , diaphragm
what plexus innervates the upper limb
brachial (C5-T1)
what innervater the lower limb
lumbar plexus (L1-4)
what is the sacral plexus and where does it innervate
L5-S4
lower limb, gluteal region, perimeun
what is a dermatome
the dermatome of each spinal nerve is the area of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior ramus of that spinal nerve
what is a myotome
the myotome of each spinal nerve is the sketal muscles supplies with motor innervation by both the anterior and posterior ramus of that spinal nerve
Where does the sympathetic outflow exit the spinal cord
T1-L2
which segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns
T1-L2
where do presynaptic sympathetic axons leave the spinal cord
the anterior rootlets/roots
what are the signs of horners syndrome
ipsilateral ptosis
ipsilateral miosis (pinpoint pupil)
reduced sweating of ipsilateral facial skin
where do all presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the cns
via cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and via sacral spinal nerves
