Anatomy and Physiology Ch.1

Question 1

anotomy

Answer 1

the study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of how living organisms perform vital functions

Question 3

gross anatomy/macroscopic anatomy

Answer 3

examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the naked eye

Question 4

microscopic anatomy

Answer 4

study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification

Question 5

The chemical level

Answer 5

atoms, the smallest stable units of matter, can combine to form molecules with complex shapes. even at this simplest level, form determines function: the function properties of particular molecule are determined by its unique three-dimensional shape and atomic components

Question 6

the cellular level

Answer 6

molecules can interact to form various types of organelles, each type of which has specific functions. Organelles are structural and function components of cells, the smallest living units in the body. interactions among proteins filaments for example produce the contractions of muscles in the heart.

Question 7

the tissue level

Answer 7

a tissue is a small groups of cells working together to perform one or more specific function.

Question 8

the organ level

Answer 8

organs consist of two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions.

Question 9

the organ system

Answer 9

A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function forms an organ system.

Question 10

homeostasis

Answer 10

refers to the existence of a stable internal environment

Question 11

homeostatic regulation

Answer 11

the adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 12

auto regulation or intrinsic regulation

Answer 12

occurs when a cell, a tissue, an organ, or organ system adjust activities automatically in response to some environmental change

Question 13

extrinsic regualtion

Answer 13

results from the activities of the nervous system or endocrine system, two organ systems that control or adjust the activities of many other systems simultaneously

Question 14

receptor

Answer 14

a sensor or stimulus that is sensitive to a particular stimulus or environmental change

Question 15

control center

Answer 15

receives and processes the information supplied by the receptor and sends out commands

Question 16

effector

Answer 16

a cell or organ that responds to the commands of the of the control center and whose activities either opposes or enhances the stimulus